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Using natural products and developing pharmaceutical drugs are emerging topics to reduce blood cholesterol levels for preventing heart disease and stroke. Covering recent progresses in cholesterol-lowering drugs and therapy, this book describes the natural and pharmaceutical products that are in clinical uses to lower cholesterol and lipids and compares these drugs in responses to different diseases such as homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. The relationship between ethnicity and cholesterol-lowering drug responses is also reviewed. Each chapter is a building block for the book, but each individual chapter is also a complete subject package for the readers. Researchers from basic and clinic science interested in lipid and cholesterol metabolism, regulation, and lowering will find this book very useful. Features: - Up-to-date information of the molecular mechanisms of cholesterol lowering, the drugs from natural and pharmaceutical products, and their associated therapeutic strategies in human diseases. - Discussion of the pathogenesis of several human diseases, which are associated with high cholesterol levels and evaluation of the results of different cholesterol-lowering drug treatment in these diseases. - Discussion of the combinations of cancer chemotherapy and cholesterol lowering in potential cancer treatment and cancer prevention by cholesterol-lowering drugs. - Critical analysis of the effect of ethnicity on responses to cholesterol-lowering drug therapy leading to rational dose adjustment of cholesterol-lowering drugs for different people use.

Hypercholesteremia. --- Cholesteremia --- Cholesterolemia --- Hypercholesterolemia --- Hyperlipidemia --- Blood cholesterol --- Medicine --- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine --- Cardiac Electrophysiology --- Health Sciences

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This special issue of JCM ‘The Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerosis’ will walk the Readers across novel diagnostic achievements in atherosclerosis and contemporary actions towards optimizing therapy.Everything begins with diagnosis. Accurate diagnostic tools and tests are of utmost importance. Contemporary research on microparticles, non-coding RNAs, proteomic characterization, …, offers detailed molecular characteristics of athero-thrombosis.Prevention is equally important as treatment. The impact of eating habits in prophylaxis of many pathologies, including cardiovascular disease has been documented.Then new pharmacological agents. Managing hypercholesterolemia with PCSK9 inhibitors, shown great potential in efficient lipid lowering to achieve LDL-C treatment goals, as well as reduction in cardiovascular mortality and morbidity.However, therapeutic goals accomplishment requires supervision. Arising number of data support that cardiovascular risk prediction can be improved with imaging modalities displaying atheroma: carotid plaque ultrasonography, coronary calcium score, intravascular ultrasonography, and optical coherent tomography or many others.As atherosclerosis is a progressive disease, it comes the time for more radical management, including endovascular and surgical intervention. There is field for new stent and equipment technologies, new surgical and endovascular techniques, supervision of endovascular procedures with IVUS, OCT, functional flow assessment or cell therapy.From diagnosis to risk stratification, elaborated prevention models, finally to modern and optimized therapeutic intervention.

Research & information: general --- familial hypercholesterolemia --- genetic screening --- atherosclerosis prevention --- early detection --- atherosclerosis --- cigarette smoking --- miR-27b --- peripheral artery disease --- subclinical atherosclerosis --- SCORE --- Framingham --- QRISK --- PROCAM --- cardiovascular risk --- pulse wave velocity --- intima media thickness --- malondialdehyde low-density lipoprotein --- high-risk plaque --- coronary computed tomography angiography --- statin --- cardiovascular risk factors --- heart failure --- major cardiac and cerebral ischemic events --- degenerative aortic stenosis --- risk stratification --- vascular resistance --- cardiovascular disease --- acute myocardial infarction --- intravascular imaging --- statins --- control-theoretic model --- logistic growth --- coronary artery disease --- fibrin clot --- fibrinolysis --- thromboembolism --- carotid intima-media complex --- carotid plaque --- major adverse cardiac and cerebral events --- prevention --- scores --- vitamin D --- myocardial infarction --- males --- Coronary Artery Surgery Study Score --- n/a

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Contemporary healthcare trends indicate that many chronic and communicable diseases are related to lifestyle, stress, personal choices and systemic factors. In response to the shortfalls of modern medicine regarding the prevention of these diseases and the promotion of whole-person health, providers and consumers worldwide are exploring integrative, natural and complementary approaches to prevention, treatment and health promotion. These trends harbor the future of medicine. The issues of clinician burnout, high rates of adverse effects, high cost, and lack of rigorous methods to promote individual and collective immunity are addressed by leading physicians and scientists from around the world. The original research and reviews in this volume investigate efficacy, molecular mechanisms and hypotheses that suggest that traditional systems of medicine and health, e.g., Ayurveda, yoga, traditional Chinese medicine, and mind–body–lifestyle medicine, may offer preventive and cost-effective solutions to contemporary health care challenges. Integrating innovative health approaches with conventional medicine offers a whole system of medicine that encompasses the individual, family, community and environment—from single person to planetary health.

Medicine --- asthma --- diagnosis --- treatment strategies --- oxidative stress --- antioxidants --- microbiome --- Ayurveda --- gut bacteria --- diet --- lifestyle --- disease --- prevention --- integrative medicine --- Ayurgenomics --- genomics --- P4 medicine --- personalized medicine --- epigenetics --- genotype --- phenotype --- Prakriti --- doshas --- meditation --- focused attention --- open monitoring --- Transcendental Meditation --- antiviral --- medicinal plants --- pandemic --- SARS-CoV-2 --- zoonotic virus --- Artemisia --- Artemisinin --- ARTs --- phytochemicals --- chronic stress --- transcendental meditation --- gene expression --- energy metabolism --- biological aging --- epigenetic effects --- allostatic load --- complementary medicine --- plastic surgery --- anthroposophic medicine --- pandemic and women --- women and heart disease --- psychological effects of pandemic --- cardiac prevention --- risk of heart disease in women --- hypercholesterolemia --- ayurveda --- ayurvedic herbs --- systematic review --- meta-analysis --- integrative health --- whole-person health --- systems research --- reductionism --- complementary and alternative medicine --- healing --- healthcare transformation --- overview --- stroke --- vegetarian --- vegan --- dosha --- prakriti --- integrative nutrition --- n/a

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The first national conference with international participation, “Fundamental aspects of atherosclerosis: scientific research for improving the technologies of personalized medicine”, was held in Novosibirsk on 15 October, 2021. The purpose of this conference was to disseminate the latest basic and clinical findings in the fields of etiology, clinical characteristics, and modern diagnostics and treatments of atherosclerosis among various relevant specialists. The conference was intended for practicing cardiologists, primary care physicians, medical geneticists, and physician–scientists. The conference included plenary sessions, specialty sessions, satellite symposia, an open competition for young scientists.

Medicine --- Cardiovascular medicine --- metalloproteinases --- calcification --- atherosclerosis --- multiplex assay --- coronary heart disease --- aspirin --- resistance --- non-sensitivity --- antiplatelet --- light transmission aggregometry --- Plateletworks® --- familial hypercholesterolemia --- targeted sequencing technologies --- multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification --- LDLR --- APOB --- ABCG5 --- APOC3 --- LPL --- SREBF1 --- rare variants --- coronary atherosclerosis --- ischemic heart disease --- saturated fatty acids --- monounsaturated fatty acids --- polyunsaturated fatty acids --- oxidative stress --- superoxide dismutase --- catalase --- glutathione peroxidase --- cumulative LDL-C level --- prognosis --- DNA methylation --- epigenetic age --- myocardial infarction --- acute coronary syndrome --- population --- nested case-control --- HAPIEE project --- HAPIEE study --- atrial fibrillation --- arterial hypertension --- obesity --- diabetes mellitus --- aging --- determinants --- prevalence --- Russian population cohort --- Cox regression analysis --- adiponectin --- leptin --- interleukin-6 --- epicardial adipose tissue --- perivascular adipose tissue --- circulating biochemical markers --- coronary atherosclerosis presence and severity --- integrated biomarker (i-BIO) --- validation --- visual markers --- lipoprotein(a) --- immune cells blood count --- n/a

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Today, in the era of the statins (cholesterol lowering drugs), there is no longer any doubt about the value of lowering blood cholesterol levels. This book chronicles the controversy that swirled around the 'lipid hypothesis' of atherosclerosis for so many years. In fact, 'the lower the better' is the position of many clinicians. However, getting to this point has been a long uphill battle marked by heated debate and sometimes violent disagreement. The history of this controversy is told here for its own sake and because remembering it may help us avoid similar mistakes in the future.

Atherosclerosis. --- Anticholesteremic agents. --- Statins (Cardiovascular agents) --- Hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductases --- Statin drugs --- Anticholesterol drugs --- Antihypercholestermic agents --- Cholesterol inhibitors --- Cholesterol-lowering drugs --- Hypocholesteremic agents --- Inhibitors --- Anticholesteremic agents --- Enzyme inhibitors --- Antilipemic agents --- Arteriosclerosis --- Atherosclerosis --- Therapeutics --- Hypolipidemic Agents --- Hyperlipidemias --- Sterols --- Cholestenes --- Lipid Regulating Agents --- Membrane Lipids --- Dyslipidemias --- Cholestanes --- Antimetabolites --- Lipids --- Arterial Occlusive Diseases --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Steroids --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action --- Vascular Diseases --- Lipid Metabolism Disorders --- Therapeutic Uses --- Metabolic Diseases --- Pharmacologic Actions --- Polycyclic Compounds --- Cardiovascular Diseases --- Chemical Actions and Uses --- Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases --- Diseases --- Cholesterol --- Drug Therapy --- Hypercholesterolemia --- Anticholesteremic Agents --- Atherogenesis --- Atheroscleroses --- Chylomicron Remnants --- Plaque, Atherosclerotic --- Anticholesteremic Drugs --- Anticholesteremics --- Inhibitors, Cholesterol --- Cholesterol Inhibitors --- Hypocholesteremic Agents --- Agents, Anticholesteremic --- Agents, Hypocholesteremic --- Drugs, Anticholesteremic --- Elevated Cholesterol --- High Cholesterol Levels --- Hypercholesteremia --- Cholesterol Level, High --- Cholesterol Levels, High --- Cholesterol, Elevated --- Cholesterols, Elevated --- Elevated Cholesterols --- High Cholesterol Level --- Hypercholesteremias --- Hypercholesterolemias --- Level, High Cholesterol --- Levels, High Cholesterol --- Cholesterol, Dietary --- Therapy, Drug --- Chemotherapy --- Pharmacotherapy --- Chemotherapies --- Drug Therapies --- Pharmacotherapies --- Therapies, Drug --- Disease --- Pharmaceutical Preparations --- Epicholesterol --- Nutritional Physiological Phenomena --- Cardiovascular Disease --- Disease, Cardiovascular --- Diseases, Cardiovascular --- Cardiology --- Compounds, Polycyclic --- Hydrocarbons, Cyclic --- Chemical Actions --- Actions, Chemical --- Actions, Pharmacologic --- Pharmacological and Toxicological Phenomena --- Diseases, Metabolic --- Thesaurismosis --- Disease, Metabolic --- Metabolic Disease --- Thesaurismoses --- Therapeutic Effects --- Therapeutic Effect --- Therapeutic Use --- Effect, Therapeutic --- Effects, Therapeutic --- Use, Therapeutic --- Uses, Therapeutic --- Lipid Metabolism Disorder --- Metabolism Disorder, Lipid --- Metabolism Disorders, Lipid --- Disease, Vascular --- Diseases, Vascular --- Vascular Disease --- Pharmacological Mechanisms of Action --- Catatoxic Steroids --- Steroid --- Steroids, Catatoxic --- Arterial Obstructive Diseases --- Arterial Obstructive Disease --- Arterial Occlusive Disease --- Disease, Arterial Obstructive --- Disease, Arterial Occlusive --- Diseases, Arterial Obstructive --- Diseases, Arterial Occlusive --- Obstructive Disease, Arterial --- Obstructive Diseases, Arterial --- Occlusive Disease, Arterial --- Occlusive Diseases, Arterial --- Lipid --- Antimetabolite --- Dyslipidemia --- Dyslipoproteinemias --- Dyslipoproteinemia --- Cell Membrane Lipid --- Cell Membrane Lipids --- Membrane Lipid --- Lipid, Cell Membrane --- Lipid, Membrane --- Lipids, Cell Membrane --- Lipids, Membrane --- Membrane Lipid, Cell --- Membrane Lipids, Cell --- Cell Membrane --- Membranes --- Lipid Regulating Drugs --- Agents, Lipid Regulating --- Drugs, Lipid Regulating --- Regulating Agents, Lipid --- Regulating Drugs, Lipid --- Sterol --- Antihyperlipemics --- Antihyperlipidemics --- Antilipemic Drugs --- Antilipemics --- Hypolipidemic Drugs --- Antihyperlipidemic --- Antilipemic --- Antilipemic Agents --- Antilipemic Drug --- Hypolipidemic Agent --- Hypolipidemic Drug --- Agent, Hypolipidemic --- Agents, Antilipemic --- Agents, Hypolipidemic --- Drug, Antilipemic --- Drug, Hypolipidemic --- Drugs, Antilipemic --- Drugs, Hypolipidemic --- Arterioscleroses --- Therapy --- Treatment --- Therapeutic --- Therapies --- Treatments --- Hyperlipidemia --- Lipemia --- Lipidemia --- Hyperlipemia --- Hyperlipemias --- Lipemias --- Lipidemias --- antagonists & inhibitors --- drug therapy --- therapeutic use --- therapy --- Statins (Cardiovascular agents). --- therapeutic use. --- drug therapy. --- etiology. --- adverse effects. --- complications.