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Health Care Costs --- Delivery of Health Care --- Economics, Medical --- Health Expenditures --- Gezondheidszorg. --- Financiering. --- Medical care --- Medical care, Cost of --- Health insurance --- Medical economics --- Medical economics. --- Soins médicaux --- Assurance-maladie --- Economie de la santé --- economics --- Finance. --- Canada --- Finances

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This book presents research findings on India's major central and state government-sponsored health insurance schemes (GSHISs). The analysis centers on the GSHISs launched since 2007. These schemes targeted poor populations, aiming to provide financial protection against catastrophic health shocks, defined in terms of inpatient care. Focus is on two lines of inquiry. The first involves institutional and "operational" opportunities and challenges regarding schemes' design features, governance arrangements, financial flows, cost-containment mechanisms, underlying stakeholder incentives, informat

Delivery of Health Care -- economics -- India. --- Health expenditures -- India. --- National Health Programs -- economics -- India. --- Social Sciences --- Insurance --- Health Services Administration --- Health Planning --- Asia, Western --- Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Patient Care Management --- Costs and Cost Analysis --- Health Care --- Asia --- Financing, Organized --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Health Care Economics and Organizations --- Geographic Locations --- Geographicals --- Health Expenditures --- Insurance Coverage --- Delivery of Health Care --- India --- National Health Programs --- Insurance, Health --- Organization and Administration --- Economics --- Public Health --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Medical Economics --- National health services --- Medical care --- Medicine, State --- National health care --- Nationalized health services --- Socialized medicine --- State medical care --- State medicine --- Medical policy --- Public health

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It is generally accepted that government health expenditures should disproportionately benefit the poor. And yet in most developing countries the opposite is the case. This paper examines the implications of a central assumption of benefit incidence analysis, namely that the unit cost of a government-provided service bears no relation to the out-of-pocket payments paid by the patient. It argues that a more plausible assumption is that larger out-of-pocket payments for a given unit of utilization reflect more (or more costly) services being delivered. The paper compares - theoretically and empirically - the standard constant-cost assumption with two alternatives, namely that the cost of care in a specific episode of utilization is (a) proportional to or (b) linearly related to the amount of money paid out-of-pocket by the patient. An interesting special case of the linear relationship is where subsidies are focused on a basic unit of care and additional costs are met dollar-for-dollar by additional fees. The paper shows that if fees are more pro-rich than utilization, government spending will be least pro-rich under the constant-cost assumption and most pro-rich under the proportionality assumption. The linear assumption results in a concentration index for subsidies that lies between these two extremes. These results are borne out in an analysis of the incidence of government health spending in Vietnam (a country where fees are more pro-rich than utilization); indeed, under the constant-cost assumption, subsidies are pro-poor while they are pro-rich under the proportionality assumption. The paper also considers the biases created by not allowing for insurance reimbursements.

Clinics --- Economic Theory & Research --- Health --- Health expenditures --- Health Monitoring & Evaluation --- Health services --- Health systems --- Health Systems Development & Reform --- Hospitals --- Human development --- Incidence analysis --- Income --- Inpatient care --- Insurance --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Medicines --- Nutrition and Population --- Outpatient care --- Patient --- Patients --- Primary health care --- Public health --- Public Sector Development --- Public Sector Management and Reform --- School health --- School health care --- Social services --- Urban Development --- Urban Economics --- Workers

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This comprehensive review of the Finnish health care system evaluates financing, service provision, investment, governance, and insurance/payment schemes. Recent reforms are assessed and longer-term challenges such as those posed by technological change, a rapidly ageing population, and rising consumer expectations are evaluated. The review includes a series of recommendations.

Delivery of health care -- Finland. --- Health -- Finland. --- Health care reform -- Finland. --- Health expenditures -- Finland. --- Medical care -- Finland. --- Public health -- Finland. --- Health Policy --- Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Environment and Public Health --- Patient Care Management --- Health Planning --- Medicine --- Health --- Costs and Cost Analysis --- Health Care --- Economics --- Health Services Administration --- Health Occupations --- Public Policy --- Health Care Economics and Organizations --- Population Characteristics --- Social Control Policies --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Social Control, Formal --- Policy --- Sociology --- Social Sciences --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Health Expenditures --- Delivery of Health Care --- Health Care Reform --- Public Health --- Medical care --- Public health --- Delivery of health care --- Delivery of medical care --- Health care --- Health care delivery --- Health services --- Healthcare --- Medical and health care industry --- Medical services --- Personal health services --- Finland --- Health care reform --- Soins médicaux --- Santé publique --- Services de santé --- Réforme

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Health insurance -- United States. --- Medical care, Cost of -- United States. --- Medically uninsured persons -- United States. --- Medically uninsured persons --- Health insurance --- Medical care, Cost of --- Health Expenditures --- Medically Uninsured --- Insurance, Health --- Costs and Cost Analysis --- Insurance --- Delivery of Health Care --- Persons --- Named Groups --- Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Financing, Organized --- Economics --- Health Care --- Health Care Economics and Organizations --- Medical Care Plans --- Public Health --- Health & Biological Sciences