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Long-lasting T cell immunity is delivered by an array of individual T lymphocytes expressing clonally distributed and highly specific antigen receptors recognizing an almost infinite number of antigens that might enter in contact with the host. Following antigen-specific priming in lymphnodes, naïve CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes proliferate generating clones of effector cells that migrate to peripheral tissues and deliver unique antigen-specific effector functions. Moreover, a proportion of these effector lymphocytes survive as memory T cells that can be rapidly mobilized upon new exposure to the same antigen, even years after their primary induction. Innate immune cells play crucial roles in the induction and maintenance of this efficient protection system. Following the seminal discovery of Steinman and Cohen in 1974 describing a rare cell type capable of initiating antigen-specific responses in lymphnodes, Dendritic Cells (DC) have taken up the stage for several decades as professional Antigen Presenting Cells (APC). Although DC possess all attributes to prime naïve T lymphocytes, other immune cell subsets become crucial accessory cells during secondary and even primary activation. For instance, Monocytes (Mo) are rapidly recruited to inflammatory sites and have recently been recognized as capable of shaping T cell immunity, either directly through Ag presentation, or indirectly through the secretion of soluble factors. In addition, upon sensing of T cell-derived cytokines, Mo differentiate into functionally different APC types that further impact on the quality and persistence of memory T cell responses in peripheral tissues. Other innate immune cells, including Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells, Granulocytes and iNKT lymphocytes, are known to modulate T cell activation by interacting with and modifying the function of professional APC. Notably, innate immune cell determinants also account for the tissue-specific regulation of T cell immunity. Hence, the newly discovered family of Innate Lymphoid Cells, has been recognized to shape CD4+ T cell responses at mucosal surfaces. Although the actions of innate immune cells fulfills the need of initiating and maintaining protective T cell responses, the excessive presence or activity of individual determinants may be detrimental to the host, because it could promote tissue destruction as in autoimmunity and allergy, or conversely, prevent the induction of immune responses against malignant tissues, and even modulate the response to therapeutic agents. Thus, understanding how defined innate immune cell subsets control T cell immunity is of fundamental relevance to understand human health, and of practical relevance for preventing and curing human diseases. In this research topic, we intend to provide an excellent platform for the collection of manuscripts addressing in depth how diverse innate immune cell subsets impact on T cell responses through molecularly defined pathways and evaluating the rational translation of basic research into clinical applications.
Immunedeficiencies --- Antigen Presentation --- Granulocytes --- T cell memory --- Immunotherapy --- Skin --- Mononuclear Phagocytes --- innate lymphoid cells --- Inflammatory diseases --- Cancer
Book
ISBN: 1789852862 1789852854 1839620056 Year: 2019 Publisher: IntechOpen
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This book highlights the numerous important properties of neutrophils and their role in various diseases, and as a possible therapeutic target as well. The first chapter briefly discusses the main effector neutrophil functions, which is followed by two chapters discussing the importance of different neutrophil receptors (cannabinoid and Fc?R) and their role in various disease conditions. The fourth chapter discusses the differential expression profile of CD16+CD11b+ on the surface of neutrophils as a tool for the diagnosis of acute infections. The last chapter discusses the physics of the NADPH oxidase system and the use of different chemiluminigenic probes for the detection of various reactive oxygen intermediates of the circulating neutrophils.
Neutrophils. --- Neutrophiles. --- Neutrophilic leucocytes --- Polymorphonuclear leucocytes --- Polynuclear leucocytes --- Granulocytes --- Phagocytes --- Neutrophil Band Cells --- LE Cells --- Leukocytes, Polymorphonuclear --- Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes --- Band Cell, Neutrophil --- Band Cells, Neutrophil --- Cell, LE --- Cells, LE --- LE Cell --- Leukocyte, Polymorphonuclear --- Neutrophil --- Neutrophil Band Cell --- Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte --- Extracellular Traps --- Life Sciences --- Immunology and Microbiology --- Intravascular Immunity --- Pure Immunology
Book
ISBN: 3039287834 3039287826 Year: 2020 Publisher: MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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Our common knowledge on oxidative stress has evolved substantially over the years and has been mostly focused on the fundamental chemical reactions and the most relevant chemical species involved in the human pathophysiology of oxidative stress-associated diseases. Thus, reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) were identified as the key players initiating, mediating, and regulating the cellular and biochemical complexity of oxidative stress either as physiological (acting pro-hormetic) or as pathogenic (causing destructive vicious circle) process. The papers published in this particular Special Issue of the Cells demonstrate the impressive pathophysiological relevance of ROS and RNS in a range of contexts, including the relevance of second messengers of free radicals like 4-hydroxynonenal, allowing us to assume that even more detailed mechanisms of their positive and negative effects lie in wait, and should assist in better monitoring of the major modern diseases and the development of advanced integrative biomedicine treatments.
toxicity --- toll-like receptors --- acrolein --- hydroxyapatite-based biomaterials --- LC-MS/MS --- blood–brain barrier --- NADPH-oxidase --- human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells --- NRF2-NQO1 axis --- granulocytes --- free radicals --- antioxidant --- plaque vulnerability --- bEnd.3 --- relaxation --- Ca2+ --- keratinocytes --- oxidative metabolism of the cells --- lipid peroxidation --- intermittent hypoxia --- osteoblast growth --- UV radiation --- ROS --- bEnd5 --- cyclopurines --- NF?B --- glucose deprivation --- antimicrobial --- endothelial cells --- 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) --- histamine --- glutamine deprivation --- optical coherence tomography --- antioxidants --- DNA damage --- glutathione --- NQO1 transcript variants --- xeroderma pigmentosum --- cancer cells --- VAS2870 --- reactive oxygen species (ROS) --- TP53 mutation --- DNA and RNA polymerases --- viability --- oxidative burst --- macrophages --- inflammation --- Nrf2 --- von Willebrand factor --- reactive oxygen species --- growth control --- intracellular signaling --- MFN2 --- nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 --- fusion/fission --- IMR-90 --- calcium --- proliferation --- mitochondria --- pathophysiology of oxidative stress --- redox balance --- 4-hydroxynonenal --- cannabidiol --- oxidative homeostasis --- rs1800566 --- neuronal cell death --- heme-oxygenase-1 --- vitamins --- cell signaling --- TRPM2 channel --- aorta --- cancer --- growth --- cancer regression --- oxidative stress --- nucleotide excision repair
Book
ISBN: 303480217X 3034808046 9786613573001 1280395087 3034802188 Year: 2012 Publisher: Basel : Springer Basel : Imprint: Springer,
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Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF or GCSF) is a secreted glycoprotein that stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of granulocyte precursor cells, and induces mobilization of peripheral blood progenitor cells from the bone marrow. Development of recombinant human G-CSF has had a profound impact on the treatment of many diseases, including severe chronic neutropenia and cancer, and has enabled peripheral stem cell transplantation to supplant bone marrow transplantation in the autologous setting. This Milestones in Drug Therapy volume describes the experience of the last 20 years of treatment with recombinant human G-CSF, including the basic science, the use of recombinant human G-CSF in both the oncology and nononcology settings, and the safety and economics of its use. Many of the authors were the original investigators of recombinant human G-CSF and other authors are key researchers who provide their outlook for the next 20 years for use of and research with recombinant human G-CSF.
Drug abuse -- Etiology -- Handbooks, manuals, etc. --- Drug abuse -- Psychological aspects -- Handbooks, manuals, etc. --- Filgrastim --- Colony-Stimulating Factors --- Leukemia --- Neoplasms, Plasma Cell --- Receptors, Colony-Stimulating Factor --- Lymphoproliferative Disorders --- Hematologic Diseases --- Hemostatic Disorders --- Therapeutics --- Paraproteinemias --- Hemorrhagic Disorders --- Hematopoietic Cell Growth Factors --- Receptors, Cytokine --- Immunoproliferative Disorders --- Neoplasms by Histologic Type --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Receptors, Growth Factor --- Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases --- Blood Protein Disorders --- Glycoproteins --- Vascular Diseases --- Cytokines --- Proteins --- Receptors, Peptide --- Neoplasms --- Receptors, Immunologic --- Diseases --- Immune System Diseases --- Cardiovascular Diseases --- Receptors, Cell Surface --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins --- Membrane Proteins --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Biological Factors --- Peptides --- Multiple Myeloma --- Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor --- Drug Therapy --- Leukocyte Disorders --- Leukemia, Myeloid --- Receptors, Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Biology --- Pharmacy, Therapeutics, & Pharmacology --- Microbiology & Immunology --- Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. --- Colony-stimulating factors (Physiology) --- Granulocytes. --- Macrophages. --- Histiocytes --- Mononuclear phagocytes --- Granular leucocytes --- CSF-GM (Colony-stimulating factor) --- GM-CSF (Colony-stimulating factor) --- Histamine-producing cell-stimulating factor --- Medicine. --- Cancer research. --- Immunology. --- Pharmacology. --- Hematology. --- Cytokines. --- Growth factors. --- Biomedicine. --- Pharmacology/Toxicology. --- Cancer Research. --- Cytokines and Growth Factors. --- Antigen presenting cells --- Connective tissue cells --- Killer cells --- Phagocytes --- Reticulo-endothelial system --- Leucocytes --- Hematopoietic growth factors --- Toxicology. --- Oncology. --- Haematology --- Internal medicine --- Blood --- Cellular immunity --- Immune response --- Immunobiology --- Life sciences --- Serology --- Tumors --- Chemicals --- Medicine --- Pharmacology --- Poisoning --- Poisons --- Regulation --- Toxicology --- Cell growth factors --- Cellular growth factors --- Growth peptides --- Growth promoting substances --- Growth substances --- Peptide growth factors --- Peptide regulatory factors --- Polypeptide growth factors --- Cancer research --- Drug effects --- Medical pharmacology --- Medical sciences --- Chemotherapy --- Drugs --- Pharmacy --- Physiological effect
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