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Acidophiles are an important category of microorganisms defined by their ability to withstand and even grow in acidic environments. They are present in terrestrial and marine environments as well as the human body. The diversity, adaptation, and functions of these microorganisms can contribute to the development and application of new biotechnologies for resolving problems of resource exploitation, pollution, and human disease. This book presents breakthroughs and insights into the research on acidophiles. Chapters cover such topics as the two-component system (TCS) in the regulation of the sulfur metabolic process, adaptation mechanisms of acidophiles to low pH, regulation mechanisms and application strategy of quorum sensing in bioleaching bacteria, and Lactobacillus acidophilus and its potential role as a therapeutic for human bone disorders.

Microorganisms. --- Geomicrobiology.

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Geomicrobiology. --- Géomicrobiologie --- Geomicrobiology --- 579.6 --- Geological microbiology --- Microbiological geology --- Geobiology --- Microbiology --- 579.6 Applied microbiology --- Applied microbiology --- Monograph

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Geomicrobiology --- Biogeochemistry --- Biogeochemistry. --- Serial publications. --- Geological microbiology --- Microbiological geology --- Biochemistry --- Geochemistry --- Geobiology --- Microbiology

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Igneous oceanic crust is one of the largest potential habitats for life on earth, and microbial activity supported by rock-water-microbe reactions in this environment can impact global biogeochemical cycles. However, our understanding of the microbiology of this system, especially the subsurface “deep biosphere” component of it, has traditionally been limited by sample availability and quality. Over the past decade, several major international programs (such as the Center for Dark Energy Biosphere Investigations, the current International Ocean Discovery Program and its predecessor Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, and the Deep Carbon Observatory) have focused on advancing our understanding of life in this cryptic, yet globally relevant, biosphere. Additionally, many field and laboratory research programs are examining hydrothermal vent systems –a seafloor expression of seawater that has been thermally and chemically altered in subseafloor crust – and the microbial communities supported by these mineral-rich fluids. The Frontiers in Microbiology 3 September 2017 | Recent Advances in Geomicrobiology of the Ocean Crust papers in this special issue bring together recent discoveries of microbial presence, diversity and activity in these dynamic ocean environments. Cumulatively, the articles in this special issue serve as a tribute to the late Dr. Katrina J. Edwards, who was a pioneer and profound champion of studying microbes that “rust the crust”. This special issue volume serves as a foundation for the continued exploration of the subsurface ocean crust deep biosphere.

IODP --- deep biosphere --- hydrothermal vents --- Geomicrobiology --- ocean crust --- iron oxidation --- sulfate reduction

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Nanotechnology is a widely emerging field involving interdisciplinary subjects such as biology, physics, chemistry and medicine. A wide variety of microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi and algae are employed as biological agents for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Novel routes by which extermophiles can be employed to generate nanoparticles have yet to be discovered.  Thus this book discusses the extremophiles explored for biosynthesis of nanoparticles.  The book is divided into  5 major chapters: (1) Major types of nanoparticles in nanotechnology; (2) Diversity of microbes in the synthesis of nanoparticles; (3) Extremophiles in nanoparticle biosynthesis; (4) Applications of nanopartcles produced by extermophiles (5) Challenges and Future perspectives.

Life sciences. --- Microbiology. --- Life Sciences. --- Applied Microbiology. --- Extreme environments --- Extremophiles (Microbiology) --- Geomicrobiology --- Microbial ecology --- Extremozymes --- Microbial biology --- Biology --- Microorganisms