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This Special Issue reprint presents articles from researchers working on materials processing via electron beams as well as on their characterization, properties, and applications. The articles presented cover various topics, including metal melting and welding, additive manufacturing, electron beam irradiation, electron beam lithography, process modeling, etc.

Research & information: general --- Physics --- electron-beam welding --- welded metal structure --- dynamic positioning of an electron beam --- electron beam --- additive manufacturing --- titanium alloys --- wire feed process --- residual stresses --- mechanical properties --- EBI --- γ-ray --- GC-MS --- FT-IR --- larch sapwood --- wood extractives --- melting --- melting temperature --- numerical simulation --- electron beam additive manufacturing --- nanoindentation --- strain rate sensitivity --- creep --- corn starch --- potato starch --- moisture content --- specific heat capacity --- pH --- color parameters --- copper technogenic material --- thermodynamic analysis --- removal efficiency --- patterned sapphire substrate --- electron etching --- gold --- cathodoluminescent analysis --- anisotropy --- light-emitting diodes --- windows --- electron beam welding --- aluminum 6082 --- porosity --- beam figure --- electron-beam lithography --- Monte Carlo method --- proximity function --- electrons scattering --- technogenic Co–Cr–Mo alloy --- electron beam recycling --- refining process --- degree of removal

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Engineering practice has revealed that innovative technologies’ structural applications require new design concepts related to developing materials with mechanical properties tailored for construction purposes. This would allow the efficient use of engineering materials. The efficiency can be understood in a simplified and heuristic manner as the optimization of performance and the proper combination of structural components, leading to the consumption of the least amount of natural resources. The solution to the eco-optimization problem, based on the adequate characterization of the materials, will enable implementing environmentally friendly engineering principles when the efficient use of advanced materials guarantees the required structural safety. Identifying fundamental relationships between the structure of advanced composites and their physical properties is the focus of this book. The collected articles explore the development of sustainable composites with valorized manufacturability corresponding to Industrial Revolution 4.0 ideology. The publications, amongst others, reveal that the application of nano-particles improves the mechanical performance of composite materials; heat-resistant aluminium composites ensure the safety of overhead power transmission lines; chemical additives can detect the impact of temperature on concrete structures. This book demonstrates that construction materials’ choice has considerable room for improvement from a scientific viewpoint, following heuristic approaches.

Technology: general issues --- steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) --- slender beams --- cyclic loading --- hysteretic response --- failure mode --- tests --- aluminum honeycomb --- deformation modes --- shock wave --- counter-intuitive behavior --- energy distribution --- acoustic stealth --- acoustic coating --- passive sound absorption --- active sound absorption --- acoustic characteristics of a submarine --- finite element method (FEM) --- slip --- group studs --- composite beam --- accelerated bridge construction --- steel fiber --- in situ amorphous coating --- laser surface remelting --- Ti-based alloy --- pipeline steel --- toughness --- cleavage unit --- crack propagation --- misorientation angles --- CFRP laminate --- mechanically fastened joints --- gradient material model --- dissimilar welding materials --- electron-beam welding --- fracture morphology --- fracture toughness --- crack deflection --- three-point bending test --- irreversible thermochromic --- cement composite --- manganese violet --- temperature indication --- heat monitoring --- cold-formed profiles --- high-strength steel --- local deformations --- bending test --- load-bearing capacity --- FRP --- concrete --- damage --- synergy --- strengthening --- finite element analysis --- composite material --- tribology --- vibrations --- resonance zone --- aluminum alloys --- composite materials --- epoxy resins --- power cables --- transmission lines --- CFRP --- NSM --- bond behavior --- structural behavior --- material characterization --- numerical modeling --- reinforced concrete --- steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC) --- tension softening --- tension stiffening --- finite element (FE) analysis --- smeared crack model --- constitutive analysis --- residual stresses --- flexural behavior --- numerical analysis --- cyclic tests --- direct tension tests --- residual stiffness --- shear --- flexure --- shape memory alloys --- thermal environment --- composite laminates --- sound radiation --- 3D warp interlock fabric --- warp yarn interchange ratio --- mechanical test --- mechanical characterization --- fiber-reinforced composite --- soft body armor --- para-aramid fiber --- metal matrix composites --- SiC --- AZ91 --- magnesium alloy --- Cu-Cr system --- mechanical alloying --- solid solubility extension --- structural evolution --- thermodynamic --- n/a