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Intensity of forest exploitation increased due to the expanding of use of timber and cutting residues in last years. Changes of the environmental conditions after clear cuttings were very significant, and considerable decline of understory plant and forest entomofauna species was determined. Forest soils were effected by wind and rain in the clear-cutted territories, and fertility of soils depended on the residues in the cutted plots. The presented recommendations are based on the results of the project „Study of impact of clear cuttings on biodiversity dynamics in forest ecosystems“, financed by Grant SIT-1/2015 from the Research Council of Lithuania.

Clear cuttings --- Microbiota --- Mikrobiota --- Entomofauna --- Pušynų ekosistema --- Plynieji kirtimai --- Biodiversity

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The novelty of the book is the strong focus on perception, perspectives and prediction by scientists with profound insight into the ecology of ecosystems or into human demands and activity. The challenge is to bridge from empirical data and the knowledge of the past to the possibilities of the performance in the future. We assume that there is scope for more cooperation between the fields of ecology and practical philosophy or other social sciences in organising ecosystems and shaping the cultural future of humankind, and that such collaboration should be accorded considerably more priority. This book deals with environmental processes seen within a framework of the nature of ecosystems and human cultures. The future of the environment, the development of ecosystems and effective nature conservation management are the essentials of this book. Human nature and culture, and in particular their interactions, are interpreted as a set of rules and as given. The aim is not only to assess the significance of human influence on species composition and biodiversity but also to weigh up the subsequent potentials for action. In this book we will analyze the problems independently of one another, even if they are interconnected. This book focuses on perspectives and prognoses for the impacts of anthropogenic activity on ecosystems and thus on species conservation. Its goal is to improve assessments of the impacts of human activity on the environment. We are aware that prognoses have very often proven to be false. It is difficult to impossible to be able to predict with precision how evolution and ecosystems will change in future under anthropogenic influence. This strengthens our resolve to attempt to retain the highest possible degree of scientific integrity and professionalism and not to shy away from expressing the uncertainty of our own ideas and prognoses. We venture prognoses in this book and we will fail. However, we hope that we will be wrong on the right side.

Sustainable development. --- Biodiversity. --- Ecosystems. --- Nature conservation. --- Sustainable Development. --- Nature Conservation. --- Conservation of nature --- Nature --- Nature protection --- Protection of nature --- Conservation of natural resources --- Applied ecology --- Conservation biology --- Endangered ecosystems --- Natural areas --- Biocenoses --- Biocoenoses --- Biogeoecology --- Biological communities --- Biomes --- Biotic community ecology --- Communities, Biotic --- Community ecology, Biotic --- Ecological communities --- Ecosystems --- Natural communities --- Ecology --- Population biology --- Biological diversification --- Biological diversity --- Biotic diversity --- Diversification, Biological --- Diversity, Biological --- Biology --- Biocomplexity --- Ecological heterogeneity --- Numbers of species --- Development, Sustainable --- Ecologically sustainable development --- Economic development, Sustainable --- Economic sustainability --- ESD (Ecologically sustainable development) --- Smart growth --- Sustainable development --- Sustainable economic development --- Economic development --- Conservation --- Environmental aspects --- Biodiversité --- Effets sur l'environnement --- Evaluation de l'environnement --- Etudes de cas --- Ecosystèmes --- Développement urbain --- environmental impact --- biodiversity --- urbanisation --- ecosystem --- ekosystém --- ekosistēma --- ekosustav --- ecosistema --- οικοσύστημα --- ecosistem --- ekosysteemi --- ökosüsteem --- ökoszisztéma --- екосистема --- ekosystem --- ecosysteem --- økosystem --- екосистем --- Ökosystem --- ekosistem --- ekosistema --- ecossistema --- éiceachóras --- écosystème --- sistema ecologico --- ekološki sustav --- еколошки систем --- ökológiai rendszer --- urbanizácia --- урбанизација --- urbanizācija --- uirbiú --- linnastumine --- urbanisering --- urbanizzazione --- urbanizacija --- urbanizzazzjoni --- urbanizáció --- kaupungistuminen --- urbanización --- urbanizim --- urbanizare --- Urbanisierung --- урбанизация --- urbanizacja --- urbanisatie --- αστυφιλία --- urbanização --- urbanizace --- koncentrace ve městě --- urbaniseerumine --- stadsutveckling --- zhvillim urban --- urbanization --- concentration urbaine --- dezvoltare urbană --- urbanistický rozvoj --- urbanizzazione selvaggia --- concentración urbana --- kaupunkien kehitys --- városi fejlődés --- stedelijke ontwikkeling --- концентрација на населението во урбани центри --- урбано ширење --- urban development --- processo di urbanizzazione --- městský rozvoj --- урбан развој --- concentração urbana --- byudvikling --- sviluppo urbano --- συγκέντρωση σε αστικά κέντρα --- miesto plėtra --- städtische Entwicklung --- desarrollo urbano --- ανάπτυξη αστικών κέντρων --- concentrazione urbana --- bykoncentration --- linnaareng --- stadskoncentration --- desenvolvimento urbano --- αστικοποίηση --- développement urbain --- crecimiento urbano --- stedelijke concentratie --- városiasodás --- bithéagsúlacht --- биологично многообразие --- biodiversità --- biodiversiteit --- biodiversitet --- biodiversitate --- biologisk mångfald --- biologická diverzita --- biodiversidade --- bijodiversità --- biodiverzitás --- biodiversité --- biološka raznovrsnost --- biotska raznovrstnost --- biologische Vielfalt --- биоразличност --- biologisk mangfoldighed --- biologinė įvairovė --- bioróżnorodność --- biodiversidad --- биоразноликост --- bioloģiskā daudzveidība --- bioloogiline mitmekesisus --- luonnon monimuotoisuus --- βιοποικιλότητα --- diversità delle specie --- species diversity --- rozmanitost druhů --- биолошка различност --- druhová rozmanitost --- Artenvielfalt --- biodiverzita --- biološka raznolikost --- raznolikost vrsta --- biologisk diversitet --- biológiai sokféleség --- rūšių įvairovė --- diversité biologique --- artsdiversitet --- diversidade das espécies --- diversitet i specieve --- diversité des espèces --- diversidad de las especies --- biodiverzitet --- soortendiversiteit --- biologická rozmanitost --- diversitatea speciilor --- fajok sokfélesége --- bioraznolikost --- diversidad específica --- биолошка разновидност --- биодиверзитет --- vliv na životní prostředí --- invloed op het milieu --- impatt ambjentali --- tionchar ar an gcomhshaol --- επίπτωση στο περιβάλλον --- влијание врз животната средина --- ndikim në mjedis --- vpliv na okolje --- impact sur l'environnement --- impacto ambiental --- ympäristövaikutus --- ietekme uz vidi --- környezeti hatás --- poveikis aplinkai --- utjecaj na okoliš --- miljöpåverkan --- impatto ambientale --- impact asupra mediului --- Auswirkung auf die Umwelt --- miljøindvirkning --- keskkonnamõju --- wpływ na środowisko --- ekologický dosah --- въздействие на околната среда --- утицај на животну средину --- balanço ecológico --- miljöavtryck --- ekoloģiskais novērtējums --- ekobalancë --- ecobalanço --- effetti sull'ambiente --- vides pēdas nospiedums --- keskkonnajalajälg --- mer --- miljökonsekvensbeskrivning --- ślad środowiskowy --- aplinkosauginis pėdsakas --- miljøopgørelse --- vlerësim ekologjik --- ekološka procjena --- huella ambiental --- miljøvurdering --- balance ecológico --- efect ambiental --- effet environnemental --- περιβαλλοντικό αποτύπωμα --- milieueffect --- vides novērtējums --- Umweltverträglichkeitsprüfung --- еколошки ефект --- miljøvirkning --- ökológiai mérleg --- écobilan --- milieuvoetafdruk --- ecological assessment --- efecto sobre el medio ambiente --- environmental assessment --- impronta ambientale --- vides ietekmēšana --- környezetihatás-tanulmány --- avaliação ambiental --- Verträglichkeitsprüfung --- ökológiai vizsgálat --- ekologinis balansas --- impronta ambjentali --- indvirkning på miljøet --- miljøbelastning --- bilanț ecologic --- effect on the environment --- conséquence sur l'environnement --- environmental footprint --- environmentálna stopa --- ecologische balans --- evaluare ecologică --- bilan écologique --- milieueffectrapport --- conséquence environnementale --- effekt på miljön --- Umweltwirkung --- efekt mjedisor --- miljöanalys --- еколошко влијание --- ympäristöarvio --- συνέπεια στο περιβάλλον --- mõju keskkonnale --- miljøaftryk --- effet sur l'environnement --- evaluación medioambiental --- valutazione dell'impatto ambientale --- επίδραση στο περιβάλλον --- Umweltimpakt --- bilancio ecologico --- оценка на влијанието врз животната средина --- environmental effect --- ekoloģiskā bilance --- ekologinis įvertinimas --- tionchar comhshaoil --- amprentă de mediu --- ökologische Bilanz --- efekti mbi mjedis --- οικολογικός ισολογισμός --- отпечатък върху околната среда --- okoljski odtis --- miljöbedömning --- ecobilancio --- empreinte environnementale --- eco-balance --- incidence environnementale --- lorg comhshaoil --- vaikutus ympäristöön --- environmentálny vplyv --- effett ambjentali --- incidence sur l'environnement --- efect asupra mediului --- konsekvenser for miljøet --- efeito no meio ambiente --- ekotase --- keskkonnamõju hindamine --- ympäristöjalanjälki --- Impaktstudie --- EIA --- virkning på miljøet --- vplyv na životné prostredie --- environmentální stopa --- Umweltbilanz --- ecobalance --- környezeti lábnyom --- pasqyrë ekologjike --- hodnocení vlivů na životní prostředí --- miljøstatus --- inverkan på miljön --- Umweltimpaktstudie --- évaluation environnementale --- ekologický vliv --- pegada ambiental --- evaluare de mediu --- aplinkos įvertinimas --- ecological balance sheet --- környezetihatás-vizsgálat --- keskkonnahinnang --- ekobilance --- ekologinen tase --- περιβαλλοντική αξιολόγηση --- vlerësim mjedisor --- ökotasakaal --- UVP --- Ökobilanz