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The dairy chain is an integral part of global food supply, with dairy food products a staple component of recommended healthy diets. The dairy food chain from production through to the consumer is complex, with various opportunities for microbial contamination of ingredients or food product, and as such interventions are key to preventing or controlling such contamination. Dairy foods often include a microbial control step in their production such as pasteurization, but in some cases may not, as with raw milk cheeses. Microbial contamination may lead to a deterioration in food quality due to spoilage organisms, or may become a health risk to consumers should the contaminant be a pathogenic microorganism. As such food safety and food production are intrinsically linked. This Research Topic eBook includes submissions on issues relating to the microbiological integrity of the dairy food chain, such as the ecology of pathogenic and spoilage organisms through the dairy farm to fork paradigm, their significance to dairy foods and health, and genomic analysis of these microorganisms.

Sporeformers --- Spoilage --- Dairy --- Biofilm --- Pathogenic bacteria --- Coliforms --- Microbiome

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In response to the increasing urbanization, advances in the science of urban hydrology have improved urban water system management, creating more livable cities in which public safety and health, as well as the environment, are protected. The ultimate goal of urban water management is to mimic the hydrological cycle prior to urbanization. On top of urbanization, climate change, which has been demonstrated to alter the hydrological cycle in all respects, has introduced additional challenges to managing urban water systems. To mitigate and adapt to urbanization under a changing climate, understanding key hydrologic components should expand to include complex issues brought forth by climate change. Thus, effective and efficient measures can be formulated. This Special Issue of Water presents a variety of research papers that span a range of spatial and temporal scales of relevance in different societies’ efforts in adapting to the eminent changes in climate and the continuous changes in the landscape. From mitigating water quality in permeable pavements and bioretention swales to understanding changes in groundwater recharge in large regions, this Special Issue examines the state-of-the-art in sustainable urban design for adaptation and resiliency.

Technology: general issues --- permeable asphalt --- heavy metal --- leaching behavior --- MSWI-BAA --- stormwater --- low impact development --- sustainable urban drainage systems --- stormwater modelling --- urban development --- GIS --- SAW --- decision-making --- strategic planning --- spatial analysis --- stormwater quality --- fecal coliforms --- Vancouver Island --- nearshore areas --- bacteria loading --- multinomial logistic regression --- periodicity analysis --- land use impacts --- climate impacts --- green roof --- energy performance --- heat island effect --- bio-retention --- green infrastructure --- runoff control performance --- storm inlet hydraulics --- flow distribution hydraulics --- climate change --- urbanization --- urban runoff --- Toronto --- Montreal --- Vancouver --- flooding --- geospatial modeling --- groundwater level --- trends --- non-stationarity --- climate variability --- land use/land cover change --- developing cities --- n/a

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The quality of drinking water is paramount for public health. Despite important improvements in the last decades, access to safe drinking water is not universal. The World Health Organization estimates that almost 10% of the population in the world do not have access to improved drinking water sources. Among other diseases, waterborne infections cause diarrhea, which kills nearly one million people every year, mostly children under 5 years of age. On the other hand, chemical pollution is a concern in high-income countries and an increasing problem in low- and middle-income countries. Exposure to chemicals in drinking water may lead to a range of chronic non-communicable diseases (e.g., cancer, cardiovascular disease), adverse reproductive outcomes, and effects on children’s health (e.g., neurodevelopment), among other health effects. Although drinking water quality is regulated and monitored in many countries, increasing knowledge leads to the need for reviewing standards and guidelines on a nearly permanent basis, both for regulated and newly identified contaminants. Drinking water standards are mostly based on animal toxicity data, and more robust epidemiologic studies with accurate exposure assessment are needed. The current risk assessment paradigm dealing mostly with one-by-one chemicals dismisses the potential synergisms or interactions from exposures to mixtures of contaminants, particularly at the low-exposure range. Thus, evidence is needed on exposure and health effects of mixtures of contaminants in drinking water. Finally, water stress and water quality problems are expected to increase in the coming years due to climate change and increasing water demand by population growth, and new evidence is needed to design appropriate adaptation policies.This Special Issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH) focuses on the current state of knowledge on the links between drinking water quality and human health.

risk assessment --- time series study --- risk context --- ammonia --- fluoride --- exposure assessment --- water safety plan --- HWTS implementation --- human health --- simulation study --- drinking water guidance --- chlorination by-product --- adverse reproductive outcomes --- spatial variations --- THMs --- zinc --- radioactivity --- thyroid disease --- risk management --- infants --- water contamination --- infant health --- small for gestational age --- drinking water quality --- methemoglobinemia --- magnesium --- monitoring --- effect measure modification --- nitrite --- health-based guideline --- environmental exposure --- organic matter --- Maryland --- tap water --- impact assessment --- turbidity --- chronic kidney disease --- fever --- diarrhoeal disease --- rural water resources --- drinking water --- acute gastroenteritis --- Nigeria --- E. coli --- pharmacokinetic modeling --- chemical risk assessment --- uncertainty factors --- community water system --- groundwater --- dental health --- inorganic manganese --- atrazine --- duration extrapolation --- health insurance data --- space–time detection --- seasonality --- fecal coliforms --- water safety plans --- preterm birth --- dissolved oxygen --- gravity-fed piped water scheme --- urban area --- cough --- water operation data --- screening method --- endogenous nitrosation --- infant exposure --- sanitary inspection --- waterborne disease outbreak --- N-nitroso compounds --- end-stage renal disease --- arsenic --- diarrhea --- sodium --- private wells --- animal feeding operation --- endocrine disruptor --- Vibrio pathogens --- LTD --- disinfection by-product --- chemical oxygen demand --- potassium --- biomonitoring --- nitrate --- annual effective dose --- sub-Saharan Africa --- France --- carcinogenic --- public health --- enterococci --- calcium --- water and sanitation --- pharmaceuticals --- environment --- drinking water distribution systems --- water contaminants --- Asia-Pacific region --- Denmark --- trihalomethanes --- risk --- cancer --- low birth weight --- drug labels