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This book describes interesting case studies of the exploration, characterization, and use of geothermal resources in Spain, Sweden, Italy, Croatia, China, Djibouti, and Canada. A new open-source software, with an easy-to-use graphical user interface, is applied to assess the deep geothermal potential of the Reus-Valls sedimentary basin in Spain. Then, a high-temperature borehole thermal energy storage facility at Linköping, Sweden, is described to shift excess heat generated from a waste incineration plant during the summer to the winter season. Next, a plastic plate heat exchanger was geometrically and thermodynamically modeled, optimized, and applied to a direct geothermal heating system for a building in Southern Italy. In the last European study, in Croatia, an unconventional hydrocarbon gas reservoir is analyzed (geothermal gradient of 49°C/km), in the geothermal field Velika Ciglena. Going down to Africa, the assessment of the geothermal resources in the Asal Rift (Djibouti) through multiphase flow and heat transfer simulations is presented. Moving to Asia, in the Chinese province of Guangdong, magnetotelluric profiles are used to interpret the crust and upper mantle structure and its geothermal implications. Then, in the remote Canadian Northern regions, uncertainty and risk evaluation of deep geothermal energy resources (> 4 km) for heat production and electricity generation are described. Finally, a literature review provides a comparison of geothermal projects in unconventional reservoirs in United Kingdom (Cornubian Batholith), Canada (Williston Sedimentary Basin), and Italy (Campi Flegrei Caldera).
Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- Environmental science, engineering & technology --- geothermal energy --- geothermal gradient --- paleoclimate --- numerical model --- Monte Carlomethod --- heat-in-place --- theoretical potential --- technical potential --- petrothermal system --- Nunavik --- hydrothermal system --- electrical conductivity --- multiphase flow --- numerical modeling --- normal fault --- heat source --- Asal Rift --- magnetotellurics --- 2D inversion --- crust-upper mantle structure --- Late Mesozoic granite --- Guangdong Province --- unconventional geothermal resources --- geothermal drilling --- communities --- caldera --- hydrocarbon gas --- unconventional reservoirs --- drilling --- Neogene --- Croatia --- methodology --- crystalline bedrock --- energy storage --- boreholes --- logging --- thermal properties --- magnetic measurements --- VLF --- drone photogrammetry --- direct heating system --- plastic plate heat exchanger --- exergoeconomic analysis ---
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The school of thought surrounding the urban ecosystem has increasingly become in vogue among researchers worldwide. Since half of the world’s population lives in cities, urban ecosystem services have become essential to human health and wellbeing. Rapid urban growth has forced sustainable urban developers to rethink important steps by updating and, to some degree, recreating the human–ecosystem service linkage. Assessing, as well as estimating the losses of ecosystem services can denote the essential effects of urbanization and increasingly indicate where cities fall short. This book contains 13 thoroughly refereed contributions published within the Special Issue “Urban Ecosystem Services”. The book addresses topics such as nature-based solutions, green space planning, green infrastructure, rain gardens, climate change, and more. The contributions highlight new findings for landscape architects, urban planners, and policymakers. Important future cities research is considered by looking at the system connectivity between the social and ecological sphere—via varying forms of urban planning, management, and governance. The book is supported by methods and models that utilize an urban sustainability and ecosystem service-centric focus by adding knowledge-base and real-world solutions into the urbanization phenomenon.
Research & information: general --- urban planning --- urban space --- urban regeneration --- planning process --- public participation --- forest fragmentation --- sustainable development goal (SDG) --- land consumption rate to the population growth rate (LCRPGR) --- biodiversity --- non-native species --- protected species --- range expansion --- species distributions --- ecosystem services --- assessment --- urban ecosystem services --- site --- green infrastructure --- cities --- systematic literature review --- urban greenspace --- privatization --- property rights --- incremental greenspace loss --- the tyranny of small decisions --- resilience planning --- urban densification --- baseline shifts --- urban nature connection --- green spaces --- ecosystem disservices --- economic benefits --- proximity principle --- hedonic pricing analysis --- climate change --- human health, human-nature connection theory --- urbanization --- urban resilience theory --- capacity building --- municipal planning practice --- urban governance --- environmental planning --- nature-based solutions --- urban adaptive capacity --- LiDAR/NDVI --- stakeholders --- Delphi analysis --- full-scale infiltration test --- MPD infiltration test --- boreholes --- SuDS --- NBS --- flood resilience --- online climate adaptation platforms --- citizen science --- community-building --- n/a
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