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Thurstone's principle of simple structure is rejected and replaced by its converse, the principle of complex structure. Varimax, the popular simple structure rotation of factors, is replaced by varimin, a novel procedure taking account of the complexity of investigated variables (s. Ertel, 2011). An exploratory factor analysis of a similarity matrix of 16 kinship terms showed that expected semantic features (sex, generation, nuclear family, lineality) manifest themselves by varimin rotation,while distorted clusters of kinship terms are obtained by varimax rotation. Varimin rotation was also applied to five PCA-factors obtained from 30 facet variables of NEO-PI-R (Ostendorf & Angleitner, 2004). As expected, variminrotated factors do not replicate the Big-Five factors neuroticism, extraversion, etc., they rather reveal basic componential features (usually called „dimensions‟): activation level (high-low), activation slope (ascending-descending), source of regulation (endodynamic- exodynamic), phenomenal quality (endomodal-exomodal), and functionality (eufunctional vs. dysfunctional). The well-known Big-Five factors represent clusters of those features rather than simple dimensions. Sensation seeking, internalexternal control, i. e. further constructs of simple structure- oriented research, are likewise conceivable as patterns of functioning based on those five componential features. The validity of the five features obtained by varimin has largely been confirmed by rankings of the 30 NEO-PI-R facets using the features as judgmental criteria. Replacing Thurstonian simple structure by procedures aiming at complex structure might help to generate a systemic architecture in the personality and individual differences domains. More psychological functioning might be made transparent by modelling patterns of basic features. Seit über 70 Jahren kursieren in der Psychologie faktorenanalytische Modelle der Persönlichkeit. Methodologische Kontroversen, die jahrzehntelang die Szene beherrschten, wurden seit etwa zwei Jahrzehnten von einem zunehmenden Konsens abgelöst. Das Fünf-Faktoren-Modell (FFM) hat die Vorherrschaft gewonnen. Das FFM ist indessen mit schwerwiegenden Mängeln behaftet, was die theoretische Deutung der fünf Dimensionen betrifft. Der Verfasser hat dafür einen bislang unerkannten Fehler in den Grundauffassungen der Psychometrie verantwortlich machen können (Ertel, 2011). In seiner vorliegenden Schrift wird die Szene der methodisch und theoretisch mangelhaften Persönlichkeitsforschung aufgerollt. Ein neues Verfahren der Faktorenrotation (Varimin) wird eingesetzt, das im Unterschied zur bisherigen Modellierung, das sich dem Prinzip der Einfachstruktur verschrieben hatte, der Komplexität der analysierten Variablen Rechnung trägt. Das Verfahren, das für die faktorenanalytische Forschung ein neues Paradigma eröffnet, ermittelt Varianzquellen der Persönlichkeit, die als Basiskomponenten eines psychophysischen Ganzen eine funktionale Einheit erkennen lassen. Damit werden die Hindernisse überwunden, die einem theoretischen Verständnis der Ergebnisse faktorenanalytischer Persönlichkeitsforschung bisher im Wege standen.

Social Sciences --- Psychology --- Psychological Research --- Data Collection --- Indentity --- Personality --- Big Five (Psychologie) --- Energie --- Faktorenanalyse --- Introversion und Extraversion --- Konfiguration von Mintzberg --- Konstrukt --- Semantik

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A wide variety of technologies and products have already become widespread in our society. However, policies have not been well-implemented to effectively reduce energy consumptions and CO2 emissions by promoting low-carbon technologies and products. This Special Issue focuses on studies targeting specific products (e.g., motor vehicle, household dishwashers, etc.) and/or technologies (e.g., information and communication technology, transport technology, CO2 capture technology, etc.) and quantifying resource and energy consumptions and CO2 emissions associated with products and technology systems using the reliable inventory database. Thus, this Special Issue provides important studies on how demand- and supply-side policies can contribute to reducing energy consumptions and CO2 emissions from consumption- and production-based perspectives.

History of engineering & technology --- lifecycle analysis --- CAFE standards --- fuel economy --- automobile manufacture --- carbon footprint --- hybrid MRIO --- SDA --- energy saving --- energy composition --- China --- information and communications technology --- productivity --- renewable energy --- energy sector --- distributed energy system --- resource security --- domestic mineral production --- input-output analysis --- environmental assessment --- transition --- low carbon technologies --- low carbon transition --- decarbonisation --- zero carbon --- air pollution --- diesel ban --- electric vehicles --- transport policy --- transport planning --- London --- CO2 emissions --- household consumption --- index decomposition analysis --- structural decomposition analysis --- aging society --- Japan --- CO2 capture --- thermal power plants --- oxyfuel combustion --- allam cycle --- post-combustion --- pre-combustion --- energy efficiency policy --- household appliances --- eco-design --- energy labelling --- indirect impacts --- general equilibrium model --- FIDELIO model --- road transport --- low carbon scenario --- GHG mitigation measures --- cost-benefit --- mitigation cost --- financing --- climate change --- energy-saving --- attitude --- Big Five --- personality traits --- office --- household --- pro-environment

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The use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to deliver psychological services has been emerging as an effective way of increasing individual access to mental health promotion, prevention, and treatment. This Special Issue brings together different contributions focusing on the acceptability and feasibility, (cost-)effectiveness, potentialities, and limitations of ICT-based psychological services for mental health promotion, prevention, and treatment. In each paper, the implications for the implementation of ICT tools in different settings (e.g., primary care services) and for future research are discussed.

Psychology --- information and communication technologies --- outcome monitoring --- therapist feedback --- measurement-based care --- mental health --- pregnancy --- personality --- depression --- adjustment --- social support --- dating apps --- Tinder --- Grindr --- Big Five --- Dark Core --- university students --- nonprofessional caregiver --- prevention --- cognitive --- behavioral --- telephone --- app --- web-based intervention --- be a mom --- randomized controlled trial --- positive mental health --- flourishing --- postpartum period --- usability --- speech interfaces --- cognitive impairment --- ICT --- elderly --- cognitive decline --- emotional disorders --- transdiagnostic --- online group format --- unified protocol --- bariatric surgery --- obesity --- therapeutic alliance --- online interventions --- therapeutic outcomes --- satisfaction with the treatment --- chronic pain --- smartphone app --- telemonitoring --- ecological momentary assessment --- digital information and communication technologies --- psychological counseling --- therapy --- COVID-19 --- coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 --- digital literacy --- web-based interventions --- internalizing symptoms --- depressive symptoms --- adolescents --- primary care --- internet-based intervention --- positive affect --- iUP-A --- i-CBT --- AMTE --- anxiety --- online therapy --- postpartum depression --- cognitive–behavioral therapy --- blended treatment --- Be a Mom --- study protocol --- psychological capital intervention --- online self-learning --- job satisfaction --- turnover intention --- job embeddedness --- cost-effectiveness --- maternal depression --- referral --- recruitment --- mobile intervention --- clinical trials --- n/a --- cognitive-behavioral therapy

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Throughout history, rich and poor countries alike have been lending, borrowing, crashing - and recovering - their way through an extraordinary range of financial crises. Each time, the experts have chimed, “this time is different” - claiming that the old rules of valuation no longer apply and that the new situation bears little similarity to past disasters. With this breakthrough study, leading economists Carmen Reinhart and Kenneth Rogoff definitively prove them wrong. Covering sixty-six countries across five continents, This Time Is Different presents a comprehensive look at the varieties of financial crises, and guides us through eight astonishing centuries of government defaults, banking panics, and inflationary spikes - from medieval currency debasements to today’s subprime catastrophe. Carmen Reinhart and Kenneth Rogoff, leading economists whose work has been influential in the policy debate concerning the current financial crisis, provocatively argue that financial combustions are universal rites of passage for emerging and established market nations. The authors draw important lessons from history to show us how much - or how little - we have learned. Using clear, sharp analysis and comprehensive data, Reinhart and Rogoff document that financial fallouts occur in clusters and strike with surprisingly consistent frequency, duration, and ferocity. They examine the patterns of currency crashes, high and hyperinflation, and government defaults on international and domestic debts - as well as the cycles in housing and equity prices, capital flows, unemployment, and government revenues around these crises. While countries do weather their financial storms, Reinhart and Rogoff prove that short memories make it all too easy for crises to recur. An important book that will affect policy discussions for a long time to come, This Time Is Different exposes centuries of financial missteps.

Financial crises --- Fiscal policy --- Business cycles --- 338.12 --- 338 <09> --- -Fiscal policy --- -Business cycles --- -Economic cycles --- Economic fluctuations --- Cycles --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Economic policy --- Finance, Public --- Crashes, Financial --- Crises, Financial --- Financial crashes --- Financial panics --- Panics (Finance) --- Stock exchange crashes --- Stock market panics --- Crises --- Conjunctuurbewegingen. Economische fluctuatie. Investeringscycli. Conjunctuuranalyse. Conjunctuuronderzoek. Conjunctuurprognoses --- Economische geschiedenis --- Government policy --- -Conjunctuurbewegingen. Economische fluctuatie. Investeringscycli. Conjunctuuranalyse. Conjunctuuronderzoek. Conjunctuurprognoses --- 338 <09> Economische geschiedenis --- 338.12 Conjunctuurbewegingen. Economische fluctuatie. Investeringscycli. Conjunctuuranalyse. Conjunctuuronderzoek. Conjunctuurprognoses --- -338 <09> Economische geschiedenis --- Economic cycles --- #SBIB:33H15 --- 333.613 --- 333.645 --- monetaire crisis --- 336.7 <09> --- bankwezen --- sectoriële analyse --- -338.542 --- Economie: geld en krediet --- Activiteiten van de nationale en internationale markten. Beursnoteringen van aandelen en obligaties. --- Speculatie op de beurs. --- crise monetaire --- Geschiedenis van het bankwezen --- Financiële crisis --- 336.7 <09> Geschiedenis van het bankwezen --- #SBIB:33H072 --- AA / International- internationaal --- US / United States of America - USA - Verenigde Staten - Etats Unis --- 331.162.1 --- 333.481 --- 333.17 --- histoire economique --- marches financiers --- crise financiere --- economische geschiedenis --- Wereldmarkten --- Geschiedenis van de financiële markten. --- Monetaire crisissen, hervormingen, saneringen en stabilisering. --- Crises, saneringen en hervormingen van het bankwezen. --- financiele markten --- financiele crisis --- -Tax policy --- 338.542 --- Geschiedenis van de financiële markten --- Crises, saneringen en hervormingen van het bankwezen --- Monetaire crisissen, hervormingen, saneringen en stabilisering --- Activiteiten van de nationale en internationale markten. Beursnoteringen van aandelen en obligaties --- Speculatie op de beurs --- Money. Monetary policy --- Financial crises - Case studies --- Fiscal policy - Case studies --- Business cycles - Case studies --- Ben Bernanke. --- Big Five Crises. --- Big Six Crises. --- Charles Kindleberger. --- GDF. --- GDP growth. --- GFD. --- IMF. --- Inside Job. --- International Monetary Fund. --- League of Nations. --- Manias, Panics and Crashes. --- Margin Call. --- Second Great Contraction. --- The Big Short. --- Too Big to Fail. --- World Bank. --- bailouts. --- baking crises. --- banking panic. --- banking reforms. --- capital mobility. --- central banks. --- contagion. --- credit cycles. --- currency crashes. --- currency debasements. --- debt crises. --- debt cycles. --- debt defaults. --- debt intolerance. --- debt. --- defaults. --- deflation. --- domestic creditors. --- domestic debt. --- domestic default. --- economic downturn. --- equity. --- exchange rate crises. --- external default. --- financial combustion. --- financial crisis. --- great contraction of the 1930s. --- high inflation. --- inflation crises. --- inflation tax. --- medieval currency crisis. --- medieval currency debasements. --- multilateral lending. --- public debt. --- sovereign default. --- sovereign external debt crises. --- sovereign lending. --- sovereign risk. --- stock markets. --- subprime crisis. --- subprime mortgage. --- Crises financières --- Politique fiscale --- Cycles économiques --- études de cas --- Crises financières --- Cycles économiques --- études de cas