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This Special Issue presents the work of 30 scientists from 11 countries. It confirms that the impacts of global change, resulting from both climate change and increasing anthropogenic pressure, are huge on worldwide coastal areas (and critically so on some islands in the Pacific Ocean), with highly negative effects on coastal groundwater resources, which are widely affected by seawater intrusion. Some improved research methods are proposed in the contributions: using innovative hydrogeological, geophysical, and geochemical monitoring; assessing impacts of the changing environment on the coastal groundwater resources in terms of quantity and quality; and using modelling, especially to improve management approaches. The scientific research needed to face these challenges must continue to be deployed by different approaches based on the monitoring, modelling and management of groundwater resources. Novel and more efficient methods must be developed to keep up with the accelerating pace of global change.

tide --- artificial neural network --- Gaza Strip --- groundwater resources --- seawater intrusion --- nutrient discharge --- freshwater resilience --- offshore geophysics --- atoll --- freshwater lens --- sea-level rise --- small islands --- sharp interface numerical modeling --- climate change --- recursive prediction --- saltwater intrusion --- Radon --- submarine groundwater discharge --- water resources management --- flooding --- groundwater storage --- fish ponds --- Tongatapu --- extraction --- monitoring --- modelling --- fresh groundwater volume --- numerical model --- atoll island --- MODFLOW/SEAWAT --- Nile Delta governorates --- arid and semi-arid regions --- time series model --- hydrogeology --- Libya --- sea level rise --- coastal aquifer --- sea–aquifer relations --- Tripoli --- freshwater-saltwater interface --- multi-layered coastal aquifer --- well salinization --- SGD model --- Nile Delta aquifer --- tidal signal --- geophysics --- groundwater --- cation exchange --- salinization --- SGD --- support vector machine --- direct prediction --- aquifer

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This book provides insights on and tools for the characterization of island aquifers, as illustrated by the example of the coral islands of Lakshadweep in India. After an initial overview of the different coral islands, subsequent chapters explain key geophysical, hydrogeological and hydrochemical methods for the assessment and characterization of coral island aquifers. The book’s closing chapters highlight selected case studies and describe actual implementations of the methods discussed. In addition to presenting the details of data collection on each island – a valuable resource for any future study on these islands – in graphical form, the book proposes suitable measures for ensuring the sustainability of groundwater resources on the islands. Accordingly, it offers a unique and essential source of information for all hydrogeologists whose work involves island aquifers. .

Hydraulic engineering. --- Hydrogeology. --- Hydrology/Water Resources. --- Environmental Science and Engineering. --- Water Policy/Water Governance/Water Management. --- Engineering, Hydraulic --- Engineering --- Fluid mechanics --- Hydraulics --- Shore protection --- Aquifer storage recovery. --- Groundwater --- Management. --- Aquifer storage and recovery --- ASR (Water storage) --- Water --- Storage --- Hydrology. --- Environmental sciences. --- Environmental management. --- Environmental stewardship --- Stewardship, Environmental --- Environmental sciences --- Management --- Environmental science --- Science --- Aquatic sciences --- Earth sciences --- Hydrography --- Geohydrology --- Geology --- Hydrology

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The book collects nine original contributions in the field of integrated geophysical methods for the characterization and modeling of shallow aquifers. The first contribution introduces the following eight contributions into the overall framework of the topic. The second contribution integrates seismic and electrical techniques to define geometry and identify the transient groundwater features in a coastal alluvial aquifer. The third contribution assesses the effectiveness of electrical and electromagnetic techniques to study the geometry of a thick carbonate aquifer. The fourth contribution couples electrical techniques with implicit modeling tools to characterize the geometry and saltwater intrusion in a coastal alluvial aquifers. The fifth contribution combines electrical techniques and datasets from borehole logs to analyze the inner geometry of a gravel-bed ephemeral stream. The sixth contribution uses electromagnetic and seismic techniques to evaluate the groundwater resource in a coastal town hydrologically influenced by peri-urban irrigation agriculture. The seventh contribution uses geophysical and hydrochemical data to assess groundwater contamination in an industrial chemical complex. The eighth contribution compiles and examines different geophysical prospecting surveys of interest in groundwater research in a large urban area. The ninth contribution uses electrical and electromagnetic techniques to assess surface water and shallow groundwater salinity in a coastal groundwater-dependent ecosystem.

Research & information: general --- multichannel analysis of surface waves --- electrical resistivity tomography --- time-lapse inversion --- aquifer geometry --- groundwater-dependent ecosystem --- Santo André Lagoon --- Portugal --- Jurassic dolomite aquifer --- seismic reflection --- time-domain electromagnetic --- loma de Úbeda --- Spain --- managed aquifer recharge --- saltwater intrusion --- soil aquifer treatment --- sustainable development goal 6 --- deposition patterns --- climate change --- ephemeral gravel-bed stream --- borehole samples --- urban hydrogeology --- hydrogeological map --- ground penetrating radar --- groundwater resource evaluation --- Adra town --- groundwater --- contamination --- time-space --- geophysics --- hydrochemistry --- geophysical prospecting techniques --- groundwater research --- urban water supply --- Metropolitan District of Quito --- Ecuador --- Everglades National Park (ENP) --- electrical resistivity --- electromagnetism --- formation factor --- salinity and constrained inversion --- n/a --- dipole-dipole --- fractures --- saprolite --- pumping well --- Federal district of Brazil --- Santo André Lagoon --- loma de Úbeda

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The book collects seven original contributions in the field of climate and underlying human influences on renewable groundwater resources and/or stream–aquifer interactions. The first contribution introduces the following six ones into the overall framework of the topic. The second contribution assesses the impact of climate change scenarios on land subsidence related to groundwater level depletion in detrital aquifers. The third contribution studies the patterns of river infiltration and the associated controlling factors by using a combination of field investigations and modeling techniques. The fourth contribution introduces a method to improve the modeling of streamflow in high-permeability bedrock basins receiving interbasin groundwater flow. The fifth contribution discusses the role of resilience of hydrogeological systems affected by either climate and/or anthropic actions in order to understand how anticipating negative changes and preserving its services. The sixth contribution analyzes the water balance of wetlands, which are systems highly sensitive to climate change and human action. The seventh contribution identifies groundwater bodies with low vulnerability to pumping to be used as potential buffer values for sustainable conjunctive use management during droughts.

Research & information: general --- ground subsidence --- climate change --- Vega de Granada aquifer --- river-aquifer interaction --- numerical simulation --- sensitivity analysis --- MODFLOW --- Heihe River --- SWAT model --- CMB method --- interbasin groundwater flow --- Castril River --- baseflow filter --- ecosystems --- hydrogeological system --- sustainability --- significant damage --- resilience --- wetlands --- paleo-groundwater --- climate --- sedimentary facies --- geochemistry --- Holocene --- Spain --- drought --- vulnerability to pumping --- residence time --- conjunctive use --- sustainable management --- adaptation strategies --- Spanish GW bodies in quantitative risk --- n/a

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The tendency for climate to change has been one of the most surprising outcomes of the study of Earth's history. Marine geoscience can reveal valuable information about past environments, climates, and biota just before, during and after each climate perturbation. Particularly, certain intervals of geological records are windows to key episodes in the climate history of the Earth–life system. Ιn this regard, the detailed analyses of such time intervals are challenging and rewarding for environmental reconstruction and climate modelling, because they provide documentation and better understanding of a warmer-than-present world, and opportunities to test and refine the predictive ability of climate models. Marine geological dynamics such as sea-level changes, hydrographic parameters, water quality, sedimentary cyclicity, and (paleo)climate are strongly related through a direct exchange between the oceanographic and atmospheric systems. The increasing attention paid to this wide topic is also motivated by the interplay of these processes across a variety of settings (coastal to open marine) and timescales (early Cenozoic to modern). In order to realize the full predictive value of these warm (fresh)/cold (salty) intervals in Earth's history, it is important to have reliable tools (e.g., integrated geochemical, paleontological and/or paleoceanographic proxies) through the application of multiple, independent, and novel techniques (e.g., TEX86, UK’37, Mg/Ca, Na/Ca, Δ47, and μCT) for providing reliable hydroclimate reconstructions at both local and global scales.

Research & information: general --- microfacies types --- Pantokrator Limestones --- Vigla Formation --- Senonian calciturbidites --- Eocene brecciated limestones --- carbonate porosity --- petroleum prospectivity --- stratigraphic correlations --- marine biogenic carbonates --- depositional environment --- paleoceanographic evolution --- planktonic foraminifera --- pteropods --- stable isotopes --- sea surface temperature (SST) --- stratification --- productivity --- sapropel S1 --- Aegean Sea --- Late Quaternary --- shell weight --- climate variability --- sea surface density --- carbonate production --- X-ray microscopy (μCT) --- δ18O and Mg/Ca analyses --- offshore groundwater exploration --- coastal aquifers --- salt-/fresh-water relationship --- Mediterranean Sea --- Attica-Greece --- cleaning protocol --- unconsolidated core sediments --- climate reconstruction --- synchrotron X-ray microtomography (SμCT) --- foraminiferal-based proxies --- BTEX natural attenuation --- hydro-stratigraphy --- multi-layered aquifer --- Thriassion Plain --- confined and unconfined aquifer --- coastal aquifer --- Gulf of Eleusis --- ocean paleodensity --- Atlantic Meridional Circulation (AMOC) --- planktonic foraminiferal biogeography --- surface sediments --- morphometrics --- shell size --- environmental biomonitoring --- ecological optimum conditions --- primary productivity --- depth habitat preference --- cryptic speciation --- central Mediterranean hydrodynamics --- sea level fluctuations --- soluble substances --- coastal environment change --- diatom --- geochemical elements --- n/a