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This first volume of PISA 2009 survey results provides comparable data on 15-year-olds' performance on reading, mathematics and science across 65 countries. The volume opens with an introduction explaining what PISA is and how PISA 2009 is different from previous PISA surveys.  The introduction also explains what PISA 2009 measures and how.  A reader's guide provides information needed to interpret the data. Chapter 2 provides a summary of the findings related to performance in reading, the focus of the 2009 survey. Chapter 3 provides a summary of the findings related to performance in mathematics and science. A final chapter explores policy implications in five areas: low performance, pursuing excellence, strengths and weaknesses in different kinds of reading, student performance in math and science, and the potential to improve performance across the world. Annexes provide detailed statistical data and technical information.

Education --- Social Sciences --- Theory & Practice of Education --- Examinations --- Interpretation. --- Interpretation of examinations --- Test interpretation --- Test results --- Validity

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This open access book examines the challenges and issues caused by a move to a marketized education system in Sweden. Observing the introduction of the school voucher system and a postmodern social constructivist view of knowledge, the move away from objective knowledge is identified as the core reason for Sweden’s current education crisis. The impact of declining education standards on the labor market is also discussed. This book highlights the issues seen in Sweden and suggests policies that can improve education in the rest of the Western world as well. It will be relevant to students and researchers interested in education and labor economics. .

Economics --- Labour economics --- Political economy --- Swedish Educational System --- Educational Performance in Swedish Schools --- Marketized Education --- Test Results and National Economic Performance --- Dysfunctional work environment --- Fragmentation of the Swedish School System --- Open Access --- Education --- Labor economics. --- Economics. --- Education Economics. --- Labor Economics. --- Political Economy and Economic Systems. --- Economic aspects. --- Economic theory --- Social sciences --- Economic man --- Education and state --- Educational change --- Privatization in education --- Standards

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Score reporting research is no longer limited to the psychometric properties of scores and subscores. Today, it encompasses design and evaluation for particular audiences, appropriate use of assessment outcomes, the utility and cognitive affordances of graphical representations, interactive report systems, and more. By studying how audiences understand the intended messages conveyed by score reports, researchers and industry professionals can develop more effective mechanisms for interpreting and using assessment data.Score Reporting Research and Applications brings together experts who design and evaluate score reports in both K-12 and higher education contexts and who conduct foundational research in related areas. The first section covers foundational validity issues in the use and interpretation of test scores; design principles drawn from related areas including cognitive science, human-computer interaction, and data visualization; and research on presenting specific types of assessment information to various audiences. The second section presents real-world applications of score report design and evaluation and of the presentation of assessment information. Across ten chapters, this volume offers a comprehensive overview of new techniques and possibilities in score reporting.

Educational tests and measurements --- Examinations --- Grading and marking (Students) --- Evaluation. --- Validity. --- Graded schools --- Marking (Students) --- Students --- School reports --- Test results --- Test validity --- Validity of examinations --- Grading and marking --- Interpretation --- Rating of --- Educational tests and measurements - Evaluation --- Examinations - Validity --- Andrew Krumm --- April L. Zenisky --- Francis O'Donnell --- Gautam Puhan --- Gavin T. L. Brown --- John A. C. Hattie --- Linda Corrin --- Lisa A. Keller --- Marc Silver --- Mary Hegarty --- Mingyu Feng --- Priya Kannan --- Rebecca Zwick --- Richard J. Tannenbaum --- Ronald K. Hambleton --- Samuel A. Livingston --- Sandip Sinharay --- Sharon Slater --- Shelby J. Haberman --- Shuchi Grover --- Stephen G. Sireci --- Timothy M. O'Leary --- Yooyoung Park

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This book provides an introduction to test equating, scaling, and linking, including those concepts and practical issues that are critical for developers and all other testing professionals.  In addition to statistical procedures, successful equating, scaling, and linking involves many aspects of testing, including procedures to develop tests, to administer and score tests, and to interpret scores earned on tests. Test equating methods are used with many standardized tests in education and psychology to ensure that scores from multiple test forms can be used interchangeably.  Test scaling is the process of developing score scales that are used when scores on standardized tests are reported. In test linking, scores from two or more tests are related to one another. Linking has received much recent attention, due largely to investigations of linking similarly named tests from different test publishers or tests constructed for different purposes. In recent years, researchers from the education, psychology, and statistics communities have contributed to the rapidly growing statistical and psychometric methodologies used in test equating, scaling, and linking. In addition to the literature covered in previous editions, this new edition presents coverage of significant recent research. In order to assist researchers, advanced graduate students and testing professionals, examples are used frequently, and conceptual issues are stressed. New material includes model determination in log-linear smoothing, in-depth presentation of chained linear and equipercentile equating, equating criteria, test scoring, and a new section on scores for mixed-format tests. In the third edition, each chapter contains a reference list, rather than having a single reference list at the end of the volume  The themes of the third edition include: * the purposes of equating, scaling and linking and their practical context * data collection designs * statistical methodology * designing reasonable and useful equating, scaling, and linking studies * importance of test development and quality control processes to equating * equating error, and the underlying statistical assumptions for equating.

Examinations -- Interpretation. --- Examinations -- Scoring. --- Examinations --Design and construction. --- Mathematical statistics. --- Psychological tests --Standards. --- Examinations --- Psychological tests --- Educational tests and measurements --- Education --- Social Sciences --- Theory & Practice of Education --- Scoring --- Interpretation --- Design and construction --- Standards --- Scoring. --- Interpretation. --- Design and construction. --- Standards. --- Educational assessment --- Educational measurements --- Mental tests --- Tests and measurements in education --- Psychological assessment --- Tests, Psychological --- Test construction --- Test design --- Interpretation of examinations --- Test interpretation --- Test results --- Remote scoring of examinations --- Scoring of examinations --- Self-scoring of examinations --- Test scoring --- Statistics. --- Assessment. --- Psychometrics. --- Statistics for Social Science, Behavorial Science, Education, Public Policy, and Law. --- Assessment, Testing and Evaluation. --- Statistics for Social Science, Behavioral Science, Education, Public Policy, and Law. --- Measurement, Mental --- Measurement, Psychological --- Psychological measurement --- Psychological scaling --- Psychological statistics --- Psychology --- Psychometry (Psychophysics) --- Scaling, Psychological --- Scaling (Social sciences) --- Statistical analysis --- Statistical data --- Statistical methods --- Statistical science --- Mathematics --- Econometrics --- Measurement --- Scaling --- Methodology --- Psychological tests for children --- Psychometrics --- Students --- Testing --- Clinical psychology --- Rating of --- Validity --- Educational tests and measuremen. --- Statistics for Social Sciences, Humanities, Law. --- Statistics .

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The goal of this book is to emphasize the formal statistical features of the practice of equating, linking, and scaling. The book encourages the view and discusses the quality of the equating results from the statistical perspective (new models, robustness, fit, testing hypotheses, statistical monitoring) as opposed to placing the focus on the policy and the implications, which although very important, represent a different side of the equating practice. The book contributes to establishing “equating” as a theoretical field, a view that has not been offered often before. The tradition in the practice of equating has been to present the knowledge and skills needed as a craft, which implies that only with years of experience under the guidance of a knowledgeable practitioner could one acquire the required skills. This book challenges this view by indicating how a good equating framework, a sound understanding of the assumptions that underlie the psychometric models, and the use of statistical tests and statistical process control tools can help the practitioner navigate the difficult decisions in choosing the final equating function. This book provides a valuable reference for several groups: (a) statisticians and psychometricians interested in the theory behind equating methods, in the use of model-based statistical methods for data smoothing, and in the evaluation of the equating results in applied work; (b) practitioners who need to equate tests, including those with these responsibilities in testing companies, state testing agencies, and school districts; and (c) instructors in psychometric, measurement, and psychology programs. Dr. Alina A. von Davier is a Strategic Advisor and a Director of Special Projects in Research and Development at Educational Testing Service (ETS). During her tenure at ETS, she has led an ETS Research Initiative called “Equating and Applied Psychometrics” and has directed the Global Psychometric Services Center. The center supports the psychometric work for all ETS international programs, including TOEFL iBT and TOEIC. She is a co-author of a book on the kernel method of test equating, an author of a book on hypotheses testing in regression models, and a guest co-editor for a special issue on population invariance of linking functions for the journal Applied Psychological Measurement.

Educational tests and measurements -- Evaluation. --- Examinations -- Design and construction. --- Examinations -- Interpretation. --- Examinations -- Scoring. --- Psychological tests -- Standards. --- Scaling (Social sciences). --- Social sciences -- Statistical methods. --- Examinations --- Educational tests and measurements --- Psychological tests --- Education --- Social Sciences --- Education, Special Topics --- Theory & Practice of Education --- Scoring --- Statistical methods --- Mathematical statistics. --- Scoring. --- Interpretation. --- Mathematics --- Statistical inference --- Statistics, Mathematical --- Interpretation of examinations --- Test interpretation --- Test results --- Remote scoring of examinations --- Scoring of examinations --- Self-scoring of examinations --- Test scoring --- Education. --- Assessment. --- Statistics. --- Psychometrics. --- Assessment, Testing and Evaluation. --- Statistics for Social Science, Behavorial Science, Education, Public Policy, and Law. --- Statistics for Social Science, Behavioral Science, Education, Public Policy, and Law. --- Measurement, Mental --- Measurement, Psychological --- Psychological measurement --- Psychological scaling --- Psychological statistics --- Psychology --- Psychometry (Psychophysics) --- Scaling, Psychological --- Scaling (Social sciences) --- Statistical analysis --- Statistical data --- Statistical science --- Econometrics --- Children --- Education, Primitive --- Education of children --- Human resource development --- Instruction --- Pedagogy --- Schooling --- Students --- Youth --- Civilization --- Learning and scholarship --- Mental discipline --- Schools --- Teaching --- Training --- Measurement --- Scaling --- Methodology --- Statistics --- Probabilities --- Sampling (Statistics) --- Validity --- Educational tests and measuremen. --- Statistics for Social Sciences, Humanities, Law. --- Statistical methods. --- Statistics .