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Thirty years have passed since somatostatin was discovered and its hormonal function defined [1,2]. The wide range of anatomical distribution and actions of somatostatin and its receptors stimulated intense scientific and clinical interest, and fostered extensive research into all aspects of its biology including regulation of its gene expression, processing of its precursor, biological and cellular actions relating to regulation cell secretion, motility and proliferation. The development of metabolically stable peptide analogs helped define its usefulness in the treatment of endocrine diseases and cancer. The heterogeneity of somatostatin receptors recognized in 1981 [3] was later shown to result from the existence and variable expression of five distinct subtypes that constitutes two distinct subfamilies with distinguishing pharmacological characteristics [4,5]. The molecular cloning of these receptor subtypes reignited the interest in this field leading to a major increase in our insight into the biology of somatostatin and its receptor subtypes, and has led to the design and development of subtype-selective peptide and non-peptide agonists and antagonists. Significant progress has been made in both basic and clinical research on somatostatin. Noteworthy developments include the role of somatostatin in neuronal patterning, delineation of subtype-selective cytostatic / cytotoxic antiproliferative actions, manipulation of cellular signaling by oligomeric association of somatostatin receptor subtypes amongst themselves or with other G protein-coupled receptors, application of radionuclide-tagged derivatives to localize somatostatin receptor positive tumors and their treatment through targeted delivery of radionuclide or chemotoxin tagged agonists through receptor-mediated endocytosis.
Somatostatin. --- Toxicology. --- Oncology . --- Pharmacology/Toxicology. --- Oncology. --- Pharmacology. --- Tumors --- Drug effects --- Medical pharmacology --- Medical sciences --- Chemicals --- Chemotherapy --- Drugs --- Pharmacy --- Physiological effect
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This book focuses on the recent advancements in both fundamental and clinical research, focusing on identifying, developing, and applying new and improved biological markers for specific neurologic disorders in the future. The original research work and review articles published here highlight some unique mechanisms underlying the most prevalent pathophysiological conditions affecting human health. Other areas covered in the book include emerging treatment options and correct diagnoses using different biochemical and imaging techniques.
Medicine --- Alzheimer’s disease --- amyloid beta --- hippocampus --- Kir channels --- K+ channels --- glioblastoma multiforme --- low-grade glioma --- astrocytoma --- recurrence --- multifocal growth --- mRNA expression --- MPS1 --- TTK --- therapy --- EDTA chelation therapy --- neurodegenerative diseases --- metal detoxification --- reactive oxygen species (ROS) --- neuroinflammation --- neurodegeneration --- cognitive dysfunction --- neurofibrillary tangles --- diagnosis methods --- biomarkers --- perinatal stress --- NURR1 --- inflammation --- late-onset diseases --- early life --- artificial neural network --- deep learning --- Parkinson’s disease --- atypical parkinsonian syndrome --- dopamine transporter SPECT --- β-Amyloid --- calpain --- Collapsin Response Mediator Protein-2 --- human-neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells --- Somatostatin-14 --- somatostatin receptor --- brain injury --- quinpirole --- dopamine D2 receptors --- glial cell --- autophagy --- mitophagy --- multiple sclerosis --- biomarker --- neurons --- astrocytes --- Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases --- fluid and imaging biomarkers --- amyloid-β and tau --- miRNA --- extracellular vesicles --- exosomes and ectosomes --- PET --- radiotracers --- radiolabeled molecules --- n/a --- Alzheimer's disease --- Parkinson's disease --- Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases
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Identification and development of cancer biomarkers and targets have greatly accelerated progress towards precision medicine in oncology. Studies of tumor biology have not only provided insights into the mechanisms underlying carcinogenesis, but also led to discovery of molecules that have been developed into cancer biomarkers and targets. Multi-platforms for molecular characterization of tumors using next-generation genomic sequencing, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and blood-based biopsies have greatly expanded the portfolio of potential biomarkers and targets. These cancer biomarkers have been developed for diagnosis, early detection, prognosis, and prediction of treatment response. The molecular targets have been exploited for anti-cancer therapy and delivery of therapeutic agents. This Special Issue of Biomedicines focuses on recent advances in the discovery, characterization, translation, and clinical application of cancer biomarkers and targets in malignant diseases of the digestive system. The goal is to stimulate basic and translational research and clinical collaboration in this exciting field with the hope of developing strategies for prevention and early detection/diagnosis of cancer in digestive organs, and improving therapeutic and psychosocial outcomes in patients with these malignant diseases.
n/a --- liver graft injury --- HFE --- neurokinin --- chemotherapy --- intestinal tumors --- therapeutic targets --- biliary tract carcinoma --- hepatocellular carcinoma --- clinical trial --- cell adhesion molecules --- colorectal cancer --- biomarkers --- phenotypic mosaics --- gastrointestinal oncology --- Asian Cancer Research Group (ACRG) --- biomarker --- psychosocial support --- precision therapy --- pancreatic carcinoma --- precision medicine --- Liver transplantation --- predictive biomarkers --- CD274 --- cholecystokinin --- The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) --- gastrin --- pembrolizumab --- immunotherapy --- gastrin-releasing peptide --- stereotactic body radiation therapy --- immunohistochemistry --- gastric carcinoma --- liver transplant --- CAM invasion assay --- intragraft gene expression profiles --- molecular profiling --- targeted therapy --- neurotensin --- intestinal disorder --- ramucirumab --- next-generation sequencing --- colorectal carcinoma --- tumor progenitor --- circulating tumor cells --- gastrointestinal malignancies --- bombesin --- trastuzumab --- somatostatin --- zebrafish --- G protein–coupled receptors --- G protein-coupled receptors
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Radiopharmaceuticals are used in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases, especially cancer. In general, radiopharmaceuticals are either salts of radionuclides or radionuclides bound to biologically active molecules, drugs, or cells. Tremendous progress has been made in discovering, developing, and commercializing numerous radiopharmaceuticals for the imaging and therapy of cancer. Significant research is ongoing in academia and the pharmaceutical industry to develop more novel radiolabeled compounds as potential radiopharmaceuticals for unmet needs. This Special Issue aims to focus on all aspects of the design, characterization, evaluation, and development of novel radiolabeled compounds for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer and the application of new radiochemistry and methodologies for the development of novel radiolabeled compounds. Outstanding contributions presented in this Special Issue will significantly add to the field of radiopharmaceuticals.
Research & information: general --- Chemistry --- positron emission tomography (PET) --- pyrazoles --- fluorine-18 --- radionuclides --- PET probes --- imaging pharmaceuticals --- hypopharyngeal cancer --- 188Re-liposome --- repeated therapy --- NGS --- microRNA --- aprepitant --- radiopharmaceuticals --- neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist --- radionuclide chelators --- kidney uptake --- cleavable linkers --- neutral endopeptidase (NEP) --- renal brush border enzymes --- prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) --- cancer imaging and therapy --- somatostatin analogs --- radiolabeling --- radionuclide therapy --- imaging --- adrenergic receptor --- positron emission tomography --- radiotracer --- cholecystokinin-2 receptor --- minigastrin --- molecular imaging --- targeted radiotherapy --- lutetium-177 --- EpCAM --- radionuclide --- SPECT --- iodine --- PIB --- breast --- cancer --- PET --- target-specific biomolecules --- immunoPET imaging pharmaceuticals --- production processes --- 124I-labeled monoclonal antibodies --- radiotracers --- AAZTA --- scandium-44 --- FAP --- SA --- DPP --- PREP --- radioiodine labeling --- radioiodination --- biomolecules --- peptides --- proteins --- monoclonal antibodies --- 123,124,125,131I-labeled molecules and biomolecules --- n/a
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