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Bringing together geometry and philosophy, this book undertakes a strikingly original study of the origins and significance of the Pythagorean theorem. Thales, whom Aristotle called the first philosopher and who was an older contemporary of Pythagoras, posited the principle of a unity from which all things come, and back into which they return upon dissolution. He held that all appearances are only alterations of this basic unity and there can be no change in the cosmos. Such an account requires some fundamental geometric figure out of which appearances are structured. Robert Hahn argues that Thales came to the conclusion that it was the right triangle: by recombination and repackaging, all alterations can be explained from that figure. This idea is central to what the discovery of the Pythagorean theorem could have meant to Thales and Pythagoras in the sixth century BCE. With more than two hundred illustrations and figures, Hahn provides a series of geometric proofs for this lost narrative, tracing it from Thales to Pythagoras and the Pythagoreans who followed, and then finally to Plato's Timaeus. Uncovering the philosophical motivation behind the discovery of the theorem, Hahn's book will enrich the study of ancient philosophy and mathematics alike.
Philosophy, Ancient. --- Mathematics, Greek. --- Pythagorean theorem. --- Pythagoras. --- Thales, --- Euclid.
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Pythagorean theorem. --- Fermat's theorem --- Fermat, Théorème de
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Dynamics --- Pythagorean theorem. --- Relativity (Physics) --- Vector analysis --- Dynamique --- Relativité (Physique) --- Analyse vectorielle
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La relation entre l’hypoténuse et les autres côtés d’un triangle rectangle est l’une des découvertes scientifiques les plus importantes de l’humanité. Le théorème qui la décrit a pris le nom de Pythagore, l’un des personnages les plus fascinants et les plus surprenants de l’histoire de la science.
Pythagorean theorem --- Théorème de Pythagore --- Square root. --- Racine carrée. --- Théorème de Pythagore. --- Racine carrée. --- Théorème de Pythagore.
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Right triangles are at the heart of this textbook’s vibrant new approach to elementary number theory. Inspired by the familiar Pythagorean theorem, the author invites the reader to ask natural arithmetic questions about right triangles, then proceeds to develop the theory needed to respond. Throughout, students are encouraged to engage with the material by posing questions, working through exercises, using technology, and learning about the broader context in which ideas developed. Progressing from the fundamentals of number theory through to Gauss sums and quadratic reciprocity, the first part of this text presents an innovative first course in elementary number theory. The advanced topics that follow, such as counting lattice points and the four squares theorem, offer a variety of options for extension, or a higher-level course; the breadth and modularity of the later material is ideal for creating a senior capstone course. Numerous exercises are included throughout, many of which are designed for SageMath. By involving students in the active process of inquiry and investigation, this textbook imbues the foundations of number theory with insights into the lively mathematical process that continues to advance the field today. Experience writing proofs is the only formal prerequisite for the book, while a background in basic real analysis will enrich the reader’s appreciation of the final chapters.
Number theory. --- Number Theory. --- Number study --- Numbers, Theory of --- Algebra --- Pythagorean theorem. --- Pythagoras' theorem --- Pythagorean proposition --- Theorem, Pythagorean --- Geometry, Plane
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Was Plato a Pythagorean? Plato's students and earliest critics thought so, but later scholars have been more skeptical. This book reconsiders this question by arguing that a specific type of Pythagorean philosophy, called 'mathematical' Pythagoreanism played a profound role in Plato's philosophy.
Philosophy, Ancient --- Mathematics, Ancient. --- Pythagorean theorem. --- Pythagoras and Pythagorean school. --- Philosophie ancienne --- Mathématiques anciennes --- Pythagore, Théorème de --- Pythagorisme --- Plato. --- Pythagoriciens --- Platon, --- Et les mathématiques --- Mathématiques anciennes --- Pythagore, Théorème de --- Mathematics, Ancient --- Pythagoras and Pythagorean school --- Pythagorean theorem --- Ancient mathematics --- Pythagoras' theorem --- Pythagorean proposition --- Theorem, Pythagorean --- Geometry, Plane --- Aflāṭūn --- Aplaton --- Bolatu --- Platonas --- Platone --- Po-la-tʻu --- Pʻŭllatʻo --- Pʻŭllatʻon --- Pʻuratʻon --- Πλάτων --- אפלטון --- פלאטא --- פלאטאן --- פלאטו --- أفلاطون --- 柏拉圖 --- 플라톤 --- Plato --- Platon --- Platoon --- Théorème de Pythagore --- Théorème de Pythagore. --- Pythagoriciens. --- Платон --- プラトン --- Et les mathématiques.
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Archytas of Tarentum is one of the three most important philosophers in the Pythagorean tradition, a prominent mathematician, who gave the first solution to the famous problem of doubling the cube, an important music theorist, and the leader of a powerful Greek city-state. He is famous for sending a trireme to rescue Plato from the clutches of the tyrant of Syracuse, Dionysius II, in 361 BC. This 2005 study was the first extensive enquiry into Archytas' work in any language. It contains original texts, English translations and a commentary for all the fragments of his writings and for all testimonia concerning his life and work. In addition there are introductory essays on Archytas' life and writings, his philosophy, and the question of authenticity. Carl A. Huffman presents an interpretation of Archytas' significance both for the Pythagorean tradition and also for fourth-century Greek thought, including the philosophies of Plato and Aristotle.
Ancient mathematics --- Ancient philosophy --- Antieke filosofie --- Antieke wiskunde --- Filosofie [Antieke ] --- Filosofie [Griekse ] --- Filosofie [Romeinse ] --- Filosofie van de Oudheid --- Greek philosophy --- Griekse filosofie --- Mathematics [Ancient ] --- Mathématiques anciennes --- Mathématiques de l'antiquité --- Philosophie ancienne --- Philosophie antique --- Philosophie de l'Antiquité --- Philosophie grecque --- Philosophie romaine --- Philosophy [Ancient ] --- Philosophy [Greek ] --- Philosophy [Roman ] --- Pythagoras' theorem --- Pythagorean proposition --- Pythagorean theorem --- Roman philosophy --- Romeinse filosofie --- Stelling van Pythagoras --- Theorem Pythagorean --- Théorème de Pythagore --- Wiskunde [Antieke ] --- Wiskunde van de oudheid --- Archytas, --- Archytas of Tarentum --- Mathematicians --- Greece --- Biography --- Scientists --- Ps.-Archita --- Ps.-Archytas --- Pseudo Archita --- Pseudo-Archytas --- Tarentum, Archytas of --- Archytas de Tarente --- Arts and Humanities --- History --- Archytas, - of Tarentum.
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By virtue of their special algebraic structures, Pythagorean-hodograph (PH) curves offer unique advantages for computer-aided design and manufacturing, robotics, motion control, path planning, computer graphics, animation, and related fields. This book offers a comprehensive and self-contained treatment of the mathematical theory of PH curves, including algorithms for their construction and examples of their practical applications. Special features include an emphasis on the interplay of ideas from algebra and geometry and their historical origins, detailed algorithm descriptions, and many figures and worked examples. The book may appeal, in whole or in part, to mathematicians, computer scientists, and engineers.
Mathematics. --- Computer graphics. --- Computer-aided engineering. --- Algebra. --- Computer mathematics. --- Geometry. --- Computational intelligence. --- Computer-Aided Engineering (CAD, CAE) and Design. --- Computational Mathematics and Numerical Analysis. --- Computer Imaging, Vision, Pattern Recognition and Graphics. --- Computational Intelligence. --- Intelligence, Computational --- Artificial intelligence --- Soft computing --- Mathematics --- Euclid's Elements --- Computer mathematics --- Discrete mathematics --- Electronic data processing --- Mathematical analysis --- CAE --- Engineering --- Automatic drafting --- Graphic data processing --- Graphics, Computer --- Computer art --- Graphic arts --- Engineering graphics --- Image processing --- Math --- Science --- Data processing --- Digital techniques --- Pythagorean-hodograph curves. --- Hodograph equations. --- Pythagorean theorem. --- Geometry, Analytic. --- Curves --- Computer-aided design. --- Calculus --- Conic sections --- Geometry, Analytic --- Geometry, Differential --- Geometry, Enumerative --- Shapes --- Analytical geometry --- Geometry, Algebraic --- Algebra --- Pythagoras' theorem --- Pythagorean proposition --- Theorem, Pythagorean --- Geometry, Plane --- Equations, Hodograph --- Differential equations, Partial --- Fluid mechanics --- PH curves --- Graphic methods --- Computer aided design. --- Computer science --- Computer vision. --- Engineering. --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Machine vision --- Vision, Computer --- Pattern recognition systems --- CAD (Computer-aided design) --- Computer-assisted design --- Computer-aided engineering --- Design --- Optical data processing. --- Optical computing --- Visual data processing --- Bionics --- Integrated optics --- Photonics --- Computers --- Optical equipment
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