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Anatomy --- anatomy & histology --- Elephants --- Proboscidea (Mammals)

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Elephants, Fossil --- Evolution --- Paleontology --- Proboscidea (Mammals), Fossil --- Teeth, Fossil --- Tusks

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ivories [sculptures] --- Elephantidae [family] --- Kenya --- Zimbabwe --- Uganda --- Art and society --- Elephants --- Elephants in art --- Ivories --- Art et société --- Eléphants --- Eléphants dans l'art --- Ivoires --- Elephants in art. --- Art et société --- Eléphants --- Eléphants dans l'art --- Ivories, Primitive --- Statuettes --- Ivory carving --- Elephantidae --- Pachyderms --- Proboscidea (Mammals) --- Art --- Art and sociology --- Society and art --- Sociology and art --- Social aspects

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Elephants --- Military history, Ancient --- Eléphants --- Histoire militaire ancienne --- Greece --- Grèce --- Civilization --- Civilisation --- Ancient military history --- Elephantidae --- Pachyderms --- Proboscidea (Mammals) --- -Elephants. --- Military history, Ancient. --- -Elephants --- Elephants. --- Eléphants --- Grèce --- Griechenland --- Hellas --- Yaṿan --- Vasileion tēs Hellados --- Hellēnikē Dēmokratia --- République hellénique --- Royaume de Grèce --- Kingdom of Greece --- Hellenic Republic --- Ancient Greece --- Ελλάδα --- Ellada --- Ελλάς --- Ellas --- Ελληνική Δημοκρατία --- Ellēnikē Dēmokratia --- Elliniki Dimokratia --- Grecia --- Grčija --- Hellada --- Greece - Civilization - To 146 BC

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Because of their enormous size, elephants have long been irresistible for kings as symbols of their eminence. In early civilizations—such as Egypt, Mesopotamia, the Indus Civilization, and China—kings used elephants for royal sacrifice, spectacular hunts, public display of live captives, or the conspicuous consumption of ivory—all of them tending toward the elephant’s extinction. The kings of India, however, as Thomas R. Trautmann shows in this study, found a use for elephants that actually helped preserve their habitat and numbers in the wild: war.Trautmann traces the history of the war elephant in India and the spread of the institution to the west—where elephants took part in some of the greatest wars of antiquity—and Southeast Asia (but not China, significantly), a history that spans 3,000 years and a considerable part of the globe, from Spain to Java. He shows that because elephants eat such massive quantities of food, it was uneconomic to raise them from birth. Rather, in a unique form of domestication, Indian kings captured wild adults and trained them, one by one, through millennia. Kings were thus compelled to protect wild elephants from hunters and elephant forests from being cut down. By taking a wide-angle view of human-elephant relations, Trautmann throws into relief the structure of India’s environmental history and the reasons for the persistence of wild elephants in its forests.

Elephants --- Asiatic elephant --- Forest conservation --- War use --- History --- Ecology --- India --- History, Military --- Kings and rulers --- Conservation of forests --- Forest preservation --- Forests and forestry --- Preservation of forests --- Nature conservation --- Deforestation --- Asian elephant --- Elephant, Asian --- Elephant, Asiatic --- Elephas indicus --- Elephas maximus --- Indian elephant --- Elephas --- Elephantidae --- Pachyderms --- Proboscidea (Mammals) --- History. --- Conservation --- Control --- History, Military. --- Indland --- Ḣindiston Respublikasi --- Republic of India --- Bhārata --- Indii︠a︡ --- Inde --- Indië --- Indien --- Sāthāranarat ʻIndīa --- Yin-tu --- Bharat --- Government of India --- インド --- Indo --- هند --- Индия --- War use&delete& --- Ecology&delete& --- Asiatic elephant. --- Forest conservation. --- Kings and rulers. --- Asiatischer Elefant. --- Indischer Elefant. --- Kriegführung. --- Animals --- Ecology. --- War use. --- India. --- Elephants - War use - India - History --- Asiatic elephant - India - History --- Asiatic elephant - Ecology - India - History --- Forest conservation - India - History --- India - History, Military --- India - Kings and rulers - History --- environment, environmental, species, history, historical, animals, nonhuman, elephant, anthropology, anthropologist, symbol, symbolism, significance, civilizations, ancient world, egypt, mesopotamia, indus, china, royalty, extinction, endangered, india, habitat, war, warfare, battles, fighting, army, military, militia, antiquity, southeast asia, domestic, domestication, capture, captivity, ecology, asian.