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Long description: Research that deals with metaphors and linguistic imagery has increased in the last thirty years. However, studies that question existing theories of metaphor from a comparative perspective are less common. The reason for the present theoretical sketch was the metaphorical model of conceptualism, alias the cognitive theory of metaphor: at least with this theory, `metaphor' itself has become a metaphor, and the classical, rhetorical metaphor has been sidelined. Kessler's book not only criticises existing theories of metaphor, but also develops from them a discursive synthesis that seeks to rehabilitate the classical metaphor as an everyday pragmalinguistic phenomenon. For this purpose, the nature of thought, the mental lexicon, predication and word semantics are also covered.

Metaphor. --- Parabole --- Figures of speech --- Reification --- Metapher --- Conceptualism --- Metaphor Theory --- Literary Images --- Pragmalinguistics

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An area of linguistic research can be considered mature when the validity of theoretical and empirical results is tested cross-linguistically and when predictions from different languages influence and modify the course of theoretical development. The semantics/pragmatics interface poses a special challenge in this respect because of its interdisciplinary and multi-theoretical nature. This volume attempts to bridge the gap between theory and empirical analysis by focussing on several aspects of the semantics and the pragmatics of Spanish from a variety of theoretical points of view. Some of the papers were selected from those presented at the International Conference "Semantics and Pragmatics of Spanish" (Ohio State University, 1999). Others are invited contributions from leading scholars in the field. Among the topics covered are several that have been the subject of intense debate, whereas others represent subtle data patterns not considered so far. The topics include the proper characterization of tense and aspect, the subjunctive, verbal periphrases, stage/individual level predication, the interpretation of infinitives in embedded and adjunct clauses, the subjunctive mood, demonstratives, quantification of excess, exception phrases, binding phenomena, propositional negative polarity items, particles of politeness, and pronominal doubling. Overall, the analysis of these subjects contributes new findings to prominent theories in the field, such as possible world semantics, relevance theory, mental spaces, type coercion, generalized quantifier theory, dynamic semantics, and the theory of logical form.

Lexicology. Semantics --- Spanish language --- Pragmatics --- Pragmatics. --- Semantics. --- -Pragmalinguistics --- General semantics --- Language and languages --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical --- Semantics (Philosophy) --- Castilian language --- Romance languages --- Semantics --- Philosophy --- Espagnol (Langue) --- Pragmatique --- Sémantique --- Pragmalinguistics --- Languages & Literatures --- Romance Languages

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La pragmatique, discipline qui étudie les effets des énoncés oraux ou écrits, fait-elle partie des sciences du langage ou des sciences de la communication ? Les auteurs, dans leur sous-titre, semblent plutôt avoir tranché pour la seconde hypothèse. Ils ont en tout cas choisi de considérer que la pragmatique n’est pas une branche de la linguistique : ils prônent une « pragmatique non linguistique d’obédience cognitive ». L’ouvrage d’Anne Reboul et Jacques Moeschler permet de comprendre comment la pragmatique, ainsi envisagée, travaille sur des faits de langue, mais s’y intéresse pour des raisons autres que le linguiste ou l’analyste du discours. Conçu comme une introduction générale à la pragmatique, ce livre passe en revue les problématiques et les concepts de cette discipline, en n’oubliant pas d’en préciser les origines historiques : la question des actes de langages, l’idée de règles d’efficacité de la conversation, ou « maximes conversationnelles » (Grice), le principe de pertinence (Sperber et Wilson)... Au fil des pages, on perçoit la forte imbrication de la pragmatique avec d’autres disciplines, ainsi qu’avec certains domaines d’application (informatique, intelligence artificielle, ingénierie linguistique). Les notions d’« état mental », d’« intention », de « sincérité », de « croyance » ou d’« inférence », issus de la psychologie et de la philosophie, indiquent que la pragmatique non linguistique ne s’intéresse pas à la langue en elle-même et pour elle-même, mais à son interprétation dans l’usage et aux conditions de son efficacité. Ce livre clair et pédagogique est à mettre entre les mains de tous ceux qui se demandent ce qu’est exactement la « pragmatique ».

Pragmatics --- Pragmatique --- Langage --- Communication --- Linguistique --- Cognition --- Concepts --- Concept formation --- Abstraction --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Perception --- Psychology --- Pragmalinguistics --- General semantics --- Language and languages --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical --- Semantics (Philosophy) --- Philosophy

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Pragmatics --- Linguistics --- Linguistique --- Pragmatique --- 801.57 --- Pragmalinguistics --- General semantics --- Language and languages --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical --- Semantics (Philosophy) --- Linguistic science --- Science of language --- Pragmatiek --- Philosophy --- 801.57 Pragmatiek

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Pragmatics. --- Intentionality (Philosophy) --- Pragmatics --- Pragmalinguistics --- General semantics --- Language and languages --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical --- Semantics (Philosophy) --- Act (Philosophy) --- Mind and body --- Philosophy --- Pragmatique --- Intentionnalité (Philosophie)