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The starting point for this issue of Skriftkultur is the 150th anniversary of Ivar Aasen's launch of a national language, which at the time lacked freedom of choice in form and conjugation, but has since developed, for specific historical reasons, into today's Nynorsk, characterized by great freedom of choice compared to the vast majority of other official written languages in the world. Constant changes to the language's orthography throughout the 20th century led to both resistance to and difficulties in implementing the reforms. Publishers and newspapers created their own house rules, and a number of studies have shown that students at all levels and even teachers have had difficulty keeping track of what is correct in Nynorsk at any given time. Likewise, students probably have greater exposure to Bokmål than Nynorsk, even in the core area for Nynorsk in Western Norway, which can create challenges for Nynorsk users. In the six scholarly articles, the authors discuss the challenges and opportunities linked to the use of, exposure to and instruction in written Nynorsk. The articles include questions related to the use of house styles in Nynorsk organisations, deviations from standard Nynorsk orthography in student texts, and exposure to and instruction in Nynorsk in educational settings. In a broader perspective, the question of Nynorsk's continuing evolution also concerns the place and functions the language fills, that is to say, the kinds of social practices that are at the foundation of Nynorsk. This publication will be relevant for students, researchers and others who are interested in written Nynorsk practices.

Philosophy of language. --- Psycholinguistics.

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The Origins of Self explores the role that selfhood plays in defining human society, and each human individual in that society. It considers the genetic and cultural origins of self, the role that self plays in socialisation and language, and the types of self we generate in our individual journeys to and through adulthood.Edwardes argues that other awareness is a relatively early evolutionary development, present throughout the primate clade and perhaps beyond, but self-awareness is a product of the sharing of social models, something only humans appear to do. The self of which we are aware is not something innate within us, it is a model of our self produced as a response to the models of us offered to us by other people. Edwardes proposes that human construction of selfhood involves seven different types of self. All but one of them are internally generated models, and the only non-model, the actual self, is completely hidden from conscious awareness. We rely on others to tell us about our self, and even to let us know we are a self.

PSYCHOLOGY --- General. --- Philosophy of language

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This book serves as a basis for the exploration of language in a more systematic way. The main impetus for writing this book derives from the fact that linguistics and semiotics are two fields of study that need to be brought together under one compass because language is what is known as the “passkey semiotic,” i.e. the system of signs that underlies all other sign systems owing to its foundational status. Due to the current balkanization of linguistics as an academic discipline, the academic study of language structure rarely if ever incorporates the insights of semiotics and semioticians when presenting its material. By surveying the several major divisions of language (phonology, morphology, syntax, lexis, tropology) and explicating the way in which sound and meaning cohere in them, this text lays bare––for students, scholars and advanced readers alike––the lineaments of an understanding of what makes language the sign system par excellence, in the service of its most important function as the instrument of cognition and of communication. This book is intended as a companion volume to Shapiro’s The Speaking Self: Language Lore and English Usage. The two volumes taken in tandem will provide a solid grounding in the observational science of linguistics, linking theory with practice in a way that will expand one’s understanding of language as a global phenomenon. .

Semiotics --- Philosophy of language --- semiotiek --- taalfilosofie --- Semiotics. --- Language and languages --- Philosophy of Language. --- Philosophy.

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Philosophical anthropology --- General ethics --- Philosophy of language --- Irony. --- Ironie

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Philosophy of language --- Structural linguistics --- Linguistique structurale --- Linguistics --- Structural linguistics.