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Analyse de la position de Guillaume d'Ockham, défenseur du nominalisme, sur les définitions réelles et par conséquent sur la nature du lien entre l'essentiel et le nécessaire. Les conceptions de Saul Kripke, Kit Fine et Aristote sont étudiées. M. Roques tente de montrer que le nominalisme ne contraint pas à une position déterminée sur les essences. ©Electre 2016

Ockham, of, William --- Nominalism --- Essentialism (Philosophy) --- Nominalisme --- Essence (Philosophie) --- William, --- Criticism and interpretation --- Guillaume, --- Essence (philosophie) --- Guillaume d'Ockham --- Guilelmus de Occam, --- Angels --- Philosophy, Medieval. --- Dietrich, --- Thomas, --- History --- Criticism and interpretation. --- Essentialism (Philosophy) - History - 19th century --- Guilelmus de Occam, - ca. 1285-1349 --- William, - of Ockham, - approximately 1285-approximately 1349

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Ockham's razor, the principle of parsimony, states that simpler theories are better than theories that are more complex. It has a history dating back to Aristotle and it plays an important role in current physics, biology, and psychology. The razor also gets used outside of science - in everyday life and in philosophy. This book evaluates the principle and discusses its many applications. Fascinating examples from different domains provide a rich basis for contemplating the principle's promises and perils. It is obvious that simpler theories are beautiful and easy to understand; the hard problem is to figure out why the simplicity of a theory should be relevant to saying what the world is like. In this book, the ABCs of probability theory are succinctly developed and put to work to describe two 'parsimony paradigms' within which this problem can be solved.

Logic --- Ockham, of, William --- Reasoning --- Problem Solving --- Simplicity (Philosophy) --- Philosophy, Medieval --- Guilelmus de Occam, --- Simplicité (philosophie) --- Principe d'économie (philosophie) --- Résolution de problème --- Guillaume d'Ockham, --- Reasoning. --- Problem solving. --- Philosophy, Medieval. --- William, --- Simplicity (Philosophy). --- Résolution de problème. --- Guilelmus de Occam, - ca. 1285-1349 --- Medieval philosophy --- Scholasticism --- Philosophy --- Methodology --- Psychology --- Decision making --- Executive functions (Neuropsychology) --- Argumentation --- Ratiocination --- Reason --- Thought and thinking --- Judgment (Logic) --- Guglielmo, --- Guilelmus, --- Guilhelmus, --- Guillaume, --- Guillelmus, --- Guillermo, --- Occam, --- Occam, Guillaume d', --- Occam, William, --- Occamus, Guilielmus, --- Occhamus, Gulielmus, --- Ockam, Guilhelmus de, --- Ockham, William, --- Okkam, Uilʹi︠a︡m, --- Okkʻam, William, --- Wilhelm, --- William Okkʻam,

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When William of Ockham lectured on Lombard's Sentences in 1317-1319, he articulated a new theory of knowledge. Its reception by fourteenth-century scholars was, however, largely negative, for it conflicted with technical accounts of vision and with their interprations of Duns Scotus. This study begins with Roger Bacon, a major source for later scholastics' efforts to tie a complex of semantic and optical explanations together into an account of concept formation, truth and the acquisition of certitude. After considering the challenges of Peter Olivi and Henry of Ghent, Part I concludes with a discussion of Scotus's epistemology. Part II explores the alternative theories of Peter Aureol and William of Ockham. Part III traces the impact of Scotus, and then of Aureol, on Oxford thought in the years of Ockham's early audience, culminating with the views of Adam Wodeham. Part IV concerns Aureol's intellectual legacy at Paris, the introduction of Wodeham's thought there, and Autrecourt's controversies.

165.212 --- 165.9 --- 1 GUILELMUS DE OCCAM --- Knowledge, Theory of --- -Optics --- -Semantics (Philosophy) --- -Philosophy, Medieval --- #GROL:SEMI-1-05'13' Guil --- Medieval philosophy --- Scholasticism --- 165.9 Geschiedenis der kennis. Ontwikkeling van de mythologie tot wetenschap --- 165.9 Geschiedenis van de wetenschappelijke ontwikkeling en kennis --- Geschiedenis der kennis. Ontwikkeling van de mythologie tot wetenschap --- Geschiedenis van de wetenschappelijke ontwikkeling en kennis --- 165.212 Semiotiek. Pragmatiek. Communicatie. Informatie. Symbool.Symbolisering --- Semiotiek. Pragmatiek. Communicatie. Informatie. Symbool.Symbolisering --- Intension (Philosophy) --- Logical semantics --- Semantics (Logic) --- Semeiotics --- Significs --- Syntactics --- Unified science --- Language and languages --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical --- Logical positivism --- Meaning (Psychology) --- Philosophy, Modern --- Semiotics --- Signs and symbols --- Symbolism --- Analysis (Philosophy) --- Definition (Philosophy) --- Physics --- Light --- Epistemology --- Theory of knowledge --- Philosophy --- Psychology --- 1 GUILELMUS DE OCCAM Filosofie. Psychologie--GUILELMUS DE OCCAM --- Filosofie. Psychologie--GUILELMUS DE OCCAM --- History --- William of Ockham --- De Occam, Guillelmus --- Guillaume d'Occam --- Occam, Guillelmus de --- Ockham, William --- Van Ockham, Willem --- Von Ockham, Wilhelm --- d'Ockham, Guillaume --- Ockham, of, William --- anno 1200-1299 --- Semantics (Philosophy) --- Philosophy, Medieval. --- Optics --- History. --- Théorie de la connaissance --- Optique --- Sémantique (Philosophie) --- Histoire --- William, --- Philosophy, Medieval --- Guglielmo, --- Guilelmus, --- Guilhelmus, --- Guillaume, --- Guillelmus, --- Gulielmus, --- Occam, --- Occam, Guillaume d', --- Occam, William, --- Occamus, Guilielmus, --- Occhamus, Gulielmus, --- Ockam, Guilhelmus de, --- Ockham, William, --- Okkam, Uilʹi︠a︡m, --- Okkʻam, William, --- Wilhelm, --- William Okkʻam, --- Knowledge [Theory of ] --- Guillermo, --- Semantics (Philosophy) - History. --- Knowledge, Theory of - History. --- Optics - History.