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Neural networks (Computer science) --- Neural circuitry --- Artificial intelligence --- Circuitry, Neural --- Circuits, Neural --- Nerve net --- Nerve network --- Neural circuits --- Neurocircuitry --- Neuronal circuitry --- Electrophysiology --- Nervous system --- Neural networks (Neurobiology) --- Reflexes

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Neural computers --- Neural networks (Computer science) --- Neural networks (Neurobiology) --- Nerve Net --- Nervous System --- Ordinateurs neuronaux --- Réseaux neuronaux (Informatique) --- Réseaux neuronaux (Neurobiologie) --- Périodiques. --- Neural net computers --- Neural network computers --- Neurocomputers --- Nervous Systems --- System, Nervous --- Systems, Nervous --- Biological neural networks --- Nets, Neural (Neurobiology) --- Networks, Neural (Neurobiology) --- Neural nets (Neurobiology) --- Nerve Net. --- Nervous System. --- Neural Networks (Anatomic) --- Nerve Nets --- Net, Nerve --- Nets, Nerve --- Network, Neural (Anatomic) --- Networks, Neural (Anatomic) --- Neural Network (Anatomic) --- Electronic digital computers --- Natural computation --- Artificial intelligence --- Cognitive neuroscience --- Neurobiology --- Neural circuitry

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This book offers representative examples from fly and mouse models to illustrate the ongoing success of the synergistic, state-of-the-art strategy, focusing on the ways it enhances our understanding of sensory processing. The authors focus on sensory systems (vision, olfaction), which are particularly powerful models for probing the development, connectivity, and function of neural circuits, to answer this question: How do individual nerve cells functionally cooperate to guide behavioral responses? Two genetically tractable species, mice and flies, together significantly further our understanding of these processes. Current efforts focus on integrating knowledge gained from three interrelated fields of research: (1) understanding how the fates of different cell types are specified during development, (2) revealing the synaptic connections between identified cell types (“connectomics”) using high-resolution three-dimensional circuit anatomy, and (3) causal testing of how iden tified circuit elements contribute to visual perception and behavior.

Medicine. --- Human genetics. --- Neurosciences. --- Cell biology. --- Biomedicine. --- Human Genetics. --- Cell Biology. --- Neuroanatomy. --- Neural circuitry. --- Circuitry, Neural --- Circuits, Neural --- Nerve net --- Nerve network --- Neural circuits --- Neurocircuitry --- Neuronal circuitry --- Electrophysiology --- Nervous system --- Neural networks (Neurobiology) --- Reflexes --- Nerves --- Anatomy --- Neurobiology --- Cytology. --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Genetics --- Heredity, Human --- Human biology --- Physical anthropology --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Neuroscience --- Medical sciences

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Brain functions are realized by the activity of neuronal networks composed of a huge number of neurons. The efficiency of information transfer within the networks is changeable. Even the networks themselves can change through experience. Information transfer between neurons is performed at the synapse (the site of the neurons’ contact) by release of neurotransmitters from the pre-synaptic cell and capture of neurotransmitters by the post-synaptic cell. The amount of released neurotransmitter or the efficacy of capture can change. Moreover, synapses are found to be newly formed upon activity or abandoned upon inactivity. These changes are called "synaptic plasticity". This text focuses on one component of synaptic plasticity called transsynaptic signaling, or communication of synapses during their formation.

Neuroplasticity. --- Neural circuitry. --- Circuitry, Neural --- Circuits, Neural --- Nerve net --- Nerve network --- Neural circuits --- Neurocircuitry --- Neuronal circuitry --- Electrophysiology --- Nervous system --- Neural networks (Neurobiology) --- Reflexes --- Nervous system plasticity --- Neural adaptation --- Neural plasticity --- Neuronal adaptation --- Neuronal plasticity --- Plasticity, Nervous system --- Soft-wired nervous system --- Synaptic plasticity --- Adaptation (Physiology) --- Neurophysiology --- Developmental neurobiology --- Neurosciences. --- Cytology. --- Neurobiology. --- Cell Biology. --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Neurosciences --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Neuroscience --- Medical sciences --- Cell biology.

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This volume explores the diversity of distributed eyes and other unusual visual systems in nature. It compares the unique themes of optics, neural processing, and behavioral control that emerge from these visual systems with more-canonical eyes. This volume attempts to answer a number of questions about distributed visual systems. What are distributed visual systems good for, how do they function, and why have they arisen independently in so many phyla? Why are eye designs and visual system arrangements much more diverse in invertebrates? Each chapter includes an overview of the visual systems that exist in their group of animals, relates vision to ecology, and takes a comparative approach. .

Neurosciences. --- Cytology. --- Ecology. --- Neural circuitry. --- Neuroscience. --- Cell Biology. --- Neural Circuits. --- Circuitry, Neural --- Circuits, Neural --- Nerve net --- Nerve network --- Neural circuits --- Neurocircuitry --- Neuronal circuitry --- Electrophysiology --- Nervous system --- Neural networks (Neurobiology) --- Reflexes --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Cells --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Neuroscience --- Medical sciences --- Ecology --- Physiological optics. --- Vision. --- Eyesight --- Seeing --- Sight --- Senses and sensation --- Blindfolds --- Eye --- Physiological optics --- Optics, Physiological --- Optics --- Vision