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Bereits in den 1950er Jahren gab es Literaturhinweise, dass die Wettbewerber in Sportligen von annähernd gleicher Größe und Stärke sein sollten, um dem sportlichen Wettkampf die größtmögliche Attraktivität zu verleihen und das Interesse der Zuschauer sicherzustellen. Dieser Zusammenhang konnte im Profifußball bisher kaum nachgewiesen werden. Tim Pawlowski kombiniert erstmals die Vorteile und Stärken ökonomischer Ansätze mit jenen marketingbezogener Ansätze. Damit liefert die Studie einen innovativen Zugang zur empirischen Überprüfung der vieldiskutierten Unsicherheitshypothese im Profisport.
Health care management. --- Health services administration. --- Business. --- Management science. --- Health Care Management. --- Business and Management, general. --- Competition (Psychology) --- Football. --- National Football League.
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This Brief identifies and contrasts the groups of expansion franchises and any teams that relocated from one metropolitan area or city to another within the National Football League (NFL) during three distinct periods from 1920 to 2013. It discusses historical differences and similarities between the teams’ markets and performances before 1933 and then as members of the NFL’s divisions and conferences. It measures and compares the emergence, development and success of the teams by analyzing demographic, economic and sport-specific data. It also discusses the NFL’s mergers with the All American Football Conference (1950) and American Football League (1970), outlining the reasons for and consequences of these mergers as well as their significance for sports fans and markets. The book makes an important, relevant and useful contribution to the literature regarding professional sports operations and to the NFL’s short and long run business strategies in American culture. Besides numerous sports fans within metropolitan areas and extended markets of these NFL teams, the book’s audiences are sports historians and researchers, college and public libraries and current and potential NFL franchise owners and team executives. The book may also be used as a reference or supplemental text for college and university students enrolled in such applied undergraduate and graduate courses and seminars as sports administration, sports business and sports management.
Football --- Economic aspects --- National Football League. --- American football --- Foot-ball --- Ball games --- N.F.L. --- National Pro Football League --- NFL --- American Football League --- American Football League (1926-1927) --- Sports-Economic aspects. --- Industrial organization. --- Microeconomics. --- Sports Economics. --- Industrial Organization. --- Price theory --- Economics --- Industries --- Organization --- Industrial concentration --- Industrial management --- Industrial sociology --- Sports—Economic aspects.
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This book lays down a marker as to the state of economists’ understanding of the National Football League (NFL) by assembling sophisticated, critical surveys of by leading sports economists on major topics associated with the league. The book is divided into four parts. The first three chapters in Part I provide an overview of the business of the NFL from an economist’s perspective. Part II is a collection of surveys of the economics of the NFL’s most important revenue streams, including media, attendance, and merchandising. The NFL’s labor economics is the focus of Part III, with chapters on player and coach labor markets, the draft, and contract structure. Part IV includes essays on competitive balance, gambling, economic impacts of the Super Bowl, behavioral economic issues associated with the league, and antitrust issues. This book will appeal to sports economists, sports management professionals, and policy-makers, and would be useful as a supplementary text for sports economics and management courses as well as a reference text.
Football -- Economic aspects -- United States. --- National Football League. --- Football --- Social Sciences --- Business & Economics --- Recreation & Sports --- Economic Theory --- Economic aspects --- Sports administration. --- Sports --- Management --- Organization and administration --- Management. --- Economics. --- Management science. --- Labor economics. --- Economics, general. --- Labor Economics. --- Administration --- Industrial relations --- Organization --- Economics --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Social sciences --- Economic man --- Quantitative business analysis --- Problem solving --- Operations research --- Statistical decision --- N.F.L. --- National Pro Football League --- NFL --- American Football League --- American Football League (1926-1927) --- NFL Films --- NFL Network
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The research studies included in this Special Issue highlight the fundamental contribution of the knowledge of environmental history to conscious and efficient environment conservation and management. The long-term perspective of the dynamics that govern the human–climate ecosystem is becoming one of the main focuses of interest in biological and earth system sciences. Multidisciplinary bio-geo-archaeo investigations into the underlying processes of human impact on the landscape are crucial to envisage possible future scenarios of biosphere responses to global warming and biodiversity losses. This Special Issue seeks to engage an interdisciplinary dialog on the dynamic interactions between nature and society, focusing on long-term environmental data as an essential tool for better-informed landscape management decisions to achieve an equilibrium between conservation and sustainable resource exploitation.
English professional football --- elite youth sport --- religion and sport --- religious expression --- sacrament --- pilgrimage --- hope --- Isaiah --- rehabilitation --- American Catholicism --- Lance Armstrong --- national football league --- parkour --- qualitative research --- providentialism --- spirituality --- safeguarding --- Baseball --- poiesis --- bible belt --- social justice --- sacred space --- deconversion --- evangelicalism --- free-running --- exile --- Babe Ruth --- phenomenology of religion --- ecology --- place --- spiritual emotions --- race --- black church --- Christianity --- contemporary sport culture --- theology and sport --- religion --- prayer --- redemption --- urban --- affect theory --- sport
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Interest in politics and the political process—topics that economists consider to be the purview of the sub-field of study known as public choice—appears to be as high as ever. This Special Issue aims to provide a collection of high-quality studies covering many of the varied topics traditionally investigated in the growing field of public choice economics. These include expressive and instrumental voting, checks and balances in the enforcement of rules, electoral disproportionality, foreign aid and political freedom, voting cycles, (in)stability of political ideology, federal spending on environmental goods, pork-barrel and general appropriations spending, politics and taxpayer funding for professional sports arenas, and political scandal and “friends-and-neighbors” voting in general elections. In bringing these topics together in one place, this Special Issue offers a mix of conceptual/formal and empirical studies in public choice economics.
rational ignorance --- rector --- n/a --- disproportionality indexes --- electoral quota --- incumbency advantage --- expressive voting --- electoral systems --- reputation capital --- democratic oversight --- roll-call voting --- rational voter apathy --- political economy --- pork-barrel spending --- mining --- elections --- public policy --- checks and balances --- public interest --- majority decision --- United States Congress --- Policy formulation --- confirmation bias --- Germany --- voter turnout --- localism in elections --- Donald Trump --- political scandal --- Altruism --- measurement --- Ghent University --- proportionality --- Sweden --- voting behavior --- friends-and-neighbors voting --- campaign finance --- political elite --- election --- National Football League --- majority judgment --- political ideology --- instrumental voting --- public choice --- Spain --- Leading by example --- Hierarchical games --- constitutional constraints --- seniority
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