Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Ratio and proportion --- Rapport et proportion --- Eudoxus, --- Aristotle --- Influence --- Knowledge --- Mathematics --- Continuum mechanics --- History --- -Ratio and proportion --- -Arithmetic --- Geometry --- Proportion --- Mechanics of continua --- Elasticity --- Mechanics, Analytic --- Field theory (Physics) --- History. --- -History --- Aristotle. --- Mathematics. --- Arithmetic --- Continuum mechanics - History --- Ratio and proportion - History

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

 The book presents a history of classical mechanics by focusing on issues of equilibrium. The historical point of view adopted here restricts attention to cases where the effectiveness of forces is assessed on the basis of the virtual motion of their points of application. For completeness, hints of the alternative approach are also referred, the Archimedean for ancient mechanics and the Newtonian for modern mechanics. The laws resulting from consideration of virtual motions are named laws of virtual work. The modern formulations of the principle of virtual work are only a particular form of them. The book begins with the first documented formulations of laws of virtual work in the IV century BC in Greece and proceeds to the end of the XIX century AD in Europe. A significant space is devoted to Arabic and Latin mechanics of Middle Ages. With the Renaissance it began to appear slightly different wordings of the laws, which were often proposed as unique principles of statics. The process reached its apex with Bernoulli and Lagrange in the XVIII century. The book ends with some chapters dealing with the discussions that took place in the French school on the role of the Lagrangian version of the law of virtual work and its applications to continuum mechanics.

Mechanics -- History. --- Virtual work. --- Virtual work --- Mechanics --- Mechanical Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Mechanical Engineering - General --- Applied Physics --- Applied Mathematics --- Research --- History --- Mechanics, Analytic --- History. --- Analytical mechanics --- Kinetics --- Engineering. --- Mathematical physics. --- Mechanical engineering. --- Mechanical Engineering. --- Mathematical Physics. --- History of Science. --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Engineering, Mechanical --- Engineering --- Machinery --- Steam engineering --- Physical mathematics --- Physics --- Mathematics

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Lazare Carnot was the unique example in the history of science of someone who inadvertently owed the scientific recognition he eventually achieved to earlier political prominence. He and his son Sadi produced work that derived from their training as engineers and went largely unnoticed by physicists for a generation or more, even though their respective work introduced concepts that proved fundamental when taken up later by other hands. There was, moreover, a filial as well as substantive relation between the work of father and son. Sadi applied to the functioning of heat engines the analysis that his father had developed in his study of the operation of ordinary machines. Specifically, Sadi's idea of a reversible process originated in the use his father made of geometric motions in the analysis of machines in general. This unique book shows how the two Carnots influenced each other in their work in the fields of mechanics and thermodynamics, and how future generations of scientists have further benefited from their work.

Carnot, Lazare, 1753-1823. --- Carnot, Sadi, 1796-1832. --- Mechanics -- History. --- Thermodynamics -- History. --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Engineering - General --- Mechanics --- Thermodynamics --- History. --- Carnot, Lazare, --- Carnot, Sadi, --- Carnot, Sadi Nicolas Léonard, --- Carnot, N. L. S., --- Karno, Sadi, --- Officier au Corps royal du génie, --- Carnot, Lazare Nicolas Marguerite, --- Carnot, L. N. M. --- Carnot, --- Karno, Lazar, --- Engineering. --- Epistemology. --- Mathematics. --- Engineering, general. --- History of Science. --- History of Mathematical Sciences. --- Math --- Science --- Epistemology --- Theory of knowledge --- Philosophy --- Psychology --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Dynamics --- Physics --- Heat --- Heat-engines --- Quantum theory --- Carnot, Sadi Nicolas Léonard --- Carnot, N. L. S. --- Karno, Sadi --- Genetic epistemology. --- Developmental psychology --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Engineering --- Science - History --- Genetic epistemology