Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Over the past decade or so, most Central and Eastern European countries have reformed their pension systems, significantly downsizing their public pillars and creating private pillars based on capitalization accounts. Early policy attention was focused on the accumulation phase but several countries are now reaching the stage where they need to address the design of the payout phase. This paper reviews the complex policy issues that will confront policymakers in this effort and summarizes recent plans and developments in four countries (Poland, Hungary, Estonia, and Lithuania). The paper concludes by highlighting a number of options that merit detailed consideration.

Bequests --- Capitalization --- Debt Markets --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Financial Literacy --- Financial Sector Development --- Fixed Annuities --- Government guarantees --- Inflation --- Insurance & Risk Mitigation --- International Bank --- Investing --- Investment and Investment Climate --- Investment risk --- Liquidity --- Liquidity risk --- Long-term assets --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Market design --- Pension --- Pension System --- Pension systems --- Pensions & Retirement Systems --- Prudential regulation --- Securities --- Social Protections and Labor --- Solvency --- Variable Annuities

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Liquidity and solvency have been called the "heavenly twins" of banking (Goodhart, Charles, 'Liquidity Risk Management', Financial Stability Review - Special Issue on Liquidity, Banque de France, No. 11, February, 2008). Since these "twins" interact in complex ways, it is difficult - particularly at times of crisis - to distinguish between them, especially in the presence of information asymmetries (Information asymmetry occurs when one party has more or better information than the other, creating an imbalance of power, giving rise to adverse selection and moral hazard ). An insolvent bank can be liquid or illiquid, and a solvent bank may be at times illiquid. In the latter case, insolvency is not far away, since banking is grounded in information and confidence, and it is confidence which in the end determines liquidity. In other words, liquidity is very much endogenous, determined by the general condition of a bank, as well as the perception of it by the public and market participants. Dealing with liquidity risk is more challenging than dealing with other risks, since liquidity is the result of all the operations of a bank and it is fundamentally a relative concept which compares segments of the balance sheet on the asset and liability sides. It does not deal with absolutes, like arguably the concept of capital and it explains why there is not an internationally recognized "Liquidity Accord". This Working Paper addresses key concepts like market and funding liquidity and basic tools to address liquidity issues like cash flows, liquidity gaps and some selected financial ratios. It aims at providing an introductory guide to risk assessment and management, and provides useful and practical guidelines to undertake liquidity assessments which could prove useful in preparing Financial Assessment Programs (FSAPS) in member countries of the Bretton Woods institutions.

Balance sheet --- Banking system --- Bankruptcy and Resolution of Financial Distress --- Banks and Banking Reform --- Cash flows --- Central bank --- Currencies and Exchange Rates --- Debt Markets --- Deposits --- Emerging Markets --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Financial Stability --- Information asymmetries --- Information asymmetry --- International Bank --- Lender --- Liability --- Liability sides --- Liquidity --- Liquidity Risk --- Market participants --- Maturity --- Moral hazard --- Private Sector Development --- Risk Management --- Solvency --- Withdrawal

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This paper presents an assessment of Observance of the Basel Core Principles for Effective Banking Supervision (BCP) in New Zealand. The supervisory approach of the Reserve Bank of New Zealand (RBNZ) reflects the characteristics of the local banking industry and the authorities’ goal to limit moral hazard by relying on market discipline and not offering deposit insurance. Banks offer traditional products in a highly concentrated market. Since the most recent Financial Sector Assessment Program, the RBNZ has increased attention to strengthening regulatory discipline. The current approach to supervision is limited by the heavy weight the RBNZ places on market discipline compared with regulatory discipline. Better compliance with the BCP and enhanced effectiveness of the RBNZ three-pillar approach are recommended.

Financial institutions. --- Financial intermediaries --- Lending institutions --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- Banks and Banking --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Financing Policy --- Financial Risk and Risk Management --- Capital and Ownership Structure --- Value of Firms --- Goodwill --- Financial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation --- Banking --- Financial services law & regulation --- Market risk --- Credit risk --- Capital adequacy requirements --- Operational risk --- Financial regulation and supervision --- Bank supervision --- Liquidity risk --- Banks and banking --- Financial risk management --- Asset requirements --- State supervision --- New Zealand

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This paper proposes a framework for the surveillance of financial institutions' derivatives activities. The designed framework builds on information likely to be collected by financial market regulators for supervisory purposes, and/or information collected by market participants for the purpose of their own risk management. The framework involves four pillars: (i) analyzing quantitative information on Derivatives activities, (ii) determining the adequacy of prudential regulations and supervisory arrangements, (iii) assessing the risk mitigation infrastructure, and (iv) assessing the degree of market transparency of the derivatives activities of financial institutions.

Derivative securities. --- Electronic books. -- local. --- Trade regulation. --- Banks and Banking --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Financing Policy --- Financial Risk and Risk Management --- Capital and Ownership Structure --- Value of Firms --- Goodwill --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Financial services law & regulation --- Monetary economics --- Banking --- Credit --- Market risk --- Credit risk --- Liquidity risk --- Financial risk management --- Banks and banking

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Australia has a very high level of compliance with the Basel Core Principles for Effective Banking Supervision (BCPs). The Australian banking system was more sheltered than a number of other countries and weathered the Global Financial Crisis relatively well. This was in part due to relative concentration of the system on a well performing domestic economy, but also due to a material contribution from a well-developed regulatory and supervisory structure. Notable strengths of the Australian supervisory approach rest in its strong risk analysis and on the focus of the responsibility of the Board. The Australian banking system however, is still vulnerable to continuing aftershocks of the financial crisis not least as banks? funding profiles could be a conduit of instability.

Banks and banking --- Agricultural banks --- Banking --- Banking industry --- Commercial banks --- Depository institutions --- Finance --- Financial institutions --- Money --- State supervision --- Banks and Banking --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Financing Policy --- Financial Risk and Risk Management --- Capital and Ownership Structure --- Value of Firms --- Goodwill --- Financial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation --- Financial services law & regulation --- Capital adequacy requirements --- Credit risk --- Market risk --- Operational risk --- Financial regulation and supervision --- Liquidity risk --- Financial risk management --- Asset requirements --- Australia