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Layered double hydroxides. --- Chemistry. --- Chemistry, inorganic. --- Chemistry, Physical organic. --- Polymers. --- Inorganic Chemistry. --- Polymer Sciences. --- Physical Chemistry. --- Layered double hydroxides --- Hydroxides --- Anions --- Alkalies --- Inorganic Chemicals --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Ions --- Electrolytes --- Inorganic Chemistry --- Chemistry --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Chemicals, Inorganic --- Alkalis --- Alkali --- Double hydroxides, Layered --- LDHs (Chemicals) --- Polymere --- Polymeride --- Polymers and polymerization --- Chemistry, Physical organic --- Inorganic chemistry --- Inorganic chemistry. --- Physical chemistry. --- Inorganic compounds --- Chemistry, Organic --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Macromolecules --- Polymers . --- Chemistry, Theoretical --- Physical chemistry --- Theoretical chemistry
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Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs) certainly do not represent a newcomer to the scientific community, yet they continue to attract a strong and general interest among a vast and multifaceted range of researchers. This persistent modernity is definitely due to some peculiar characteristics of these materials, which allow researchers and engineers to play with different aspects of two worlds: organic and inorganic, crystalline and molecular, solid and liquid, cationic and anionic. A virtually infinite number of possible chemical combinations takes advantage of their layered structure to express an unrivaled collection of remarkable properties. The capture and/or release of organic and inorganic species, versatile low-cost catalytic activity, and blending with other compounds to build up a variety of hybrid composites, are just some of the many effects investigated to date. As a result, the applications encompass almost all aspects of our life, ranging from renewable energy production to water purification, including biomedical applications, gas sensing, drug delivery, and food packaging and safety. This Special Issue highlights some of the recent research lines, and shows that remarkable progress has been and is still being made in all these aspects, to allow the consideration of LDHs as one of the most interesting and versatile inorganic materials.
Research & information: general --- layered double hydroxides --- reconstruction --- curcumin --- drug release --- wastewater --- heavy metals removal --- sol–gel processing --- alkaline earth metals --- mixed metal oxides --- reconstruction effect --- surface properties --- nanocomposites --- nanofillers --- thermal stability --- flammability --- polymer matrix --- HC --- hydrothermal synthesis --- layered double hydroxide --- AFm phase --- calcium hemicarboaluminate --- cement phases --- cement hydration --- C3AH6 --- C4ACH11 --- katoite --- microwave-assisted organic synthesis --- biofuel production --- rehydrated hydrotalcite --- heterogeneous basic catalysis --- green chemistry --- mechanochemistry --- bead mill --- synthesis --- wet grinding --- layered double hydroxides (LDHs) --- other nanoclays --- organically modified LDH --- water purification --- adsorption --- adsorption interaction --- diffusion --- n/a --- sol-gel processing
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Layered double hydroxides (LDHs), also known as two-dimensional anionic clays, as well as the derived materials, including hybrids, nanocomposites, mixed oxides, and supported metals, have been highlighted as outstanding heterogeneous catalysts with unlimited applications in various processes involving both acid–base (addition, alkylation, acylation, decarboxylation, etc.) and redox (oxidation, reduction, dehydrogenation, etc.) mechanisms. This is mainly due to their flexibility in chemical composition, allowing the fine tuning of the nature of the active sites and the control of the balance between them. Additionally, LDHs display a large anion exchange capacity and the possibility to modify their interlayer space, constraining the size and type of reactants entering in the interlamellar space. Furthermore, their easy and economic synthesis, with high levels of purity and efficiency, at both the laboratory and industrial scales, make LDHs and their derived materials excellent solid catalysts. This Special Issue collects original research papers, reviews, and commentaries focused on the catalytic applications of these remarkable materials.
Research & information: general --- Chemistry --- layered double hydroxides (LDH) --- polyoxometalates (POM) --- catalytic materials --- Michael addition --- cobalt-based LDHs --- ultrasonic irradiation --- synergistic effect --- photocatalysis --- nitrophenol degradation --- Zn,Al-hydrotalcite --- ZnO dispersed on alumina --- reusability --- layered double hydroxide --- LDH --- catalytic oxidation --- ethanol --- toluene --- VOC --- photocatalysts --- Cu electrodes --- diazo dyes --- electrocatalysts --- layer double hydroxides --- photoelectrochemical degradation --- hydrotalcites --- mixed oxides --- aldol condensation --- basic catalysts --- exfoliation --- nanosheets --- oxidation --- layered double hydroxides --- base catalysts --- epoxide --- formaldehyde --- oxidation removal --- BiOCl --- manganese --- biodiesel --- transesterification --- hydrothermal --- nickel --- aluminum --- solid base --- structured catalyst --- ethanol steam reforming --- aluminum lathe waste strips --- Ni nanoparticle --- mechano-chemical/co-precipitation synthesis --- organic alkalis (tetramethylammonium hydroxide) --- memory effect --- Claisen-Schmidt condensation --- self-cyclohexanone condensation --- n/a
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Adequate quality of life and well-being of modern societies is only achievable with sustainable manufacturing processes that efficiently use raw materials, eliminate waste, and avoid the use of hazardous materials. All this is hardly conceivable without catalysis. In a world concerned with the exploitation of natural resources, catalysis can offer direct synthesis routes that maximize resource efficiency. The Iberoamerican society is far too significant and far too involved in global development, owing to its natural richness of resources, not to have an essential role in current developments and future directions. Catalysis, in the Iberoamerican academic and industrial communities, is recognized as a relevant scientific discipline that supports several strategic industrial sectors through the manufacturing of products and materials, and the operationalization of processes to produce energy and other utilities. As a reflection of this, once every two years the Iberoamerican Congress on Catalysis takes place to share and discuss the state-of-the-art of this discipline with the Federation of Iberoamerican Catalysis Societies. This book collected sixteen outstanding contributions, stemming from this exceptional event—one which will undoubtedly mark a turning point and could be a source of inspiration to all those involved in catalysis, particularly the young generation of competent researchers taking their first steps in this incredibly complex and beautiful discipline.
History of engineering & technology --- hydrodeoxygenation --- fast-pyrolysis bio-oil --- nickel catalyst --- upgrading --- peptide bond --- phthalonitriles --- phthalocyanines --- aminocarbonylation --- palladium catalysts --- castor oil --- biofuel --- selective transesterification --- ecodiesel --- biodiesel --- diesel engine --- electricity generator --- smoke opacity --- Bacharach opacity --- aldol condensation --- biomass valorization --- Mg/Al mixed oxides --- surfactant --- microwaves --- influence of water --- FAEEs --- mixed biocatalysts --- lipases --- microalgae --- silver nanoparticles --- zirconia --- hydrocarbons --- diesel soot --- catalytic combustion --- boronic esters --- borylation --- Suzuki–Miyaura --- layered double hydroxides --- copper --- palladium --- Fe/Nb2O5 immobilized catalyst --- emerging pollutants --- degradation --- hydrodesulfurization --- CoMo/Al2O3 --- basic additive --- lanthanum --- MCM-41 --- cerium --- benzyl alcohol --- oxidation --- benzaldehyde --- etherification --- glycerol --- tert-butyl alcohol --- dibutyl ether --- A-15 --- catalyst stability --- Cobalt ferrite --- ethylesters --- biofuels --- hydrotalcite --- transesterification --- fast pyrolysis --- SAPO-5 --- Al-MCM-41 --- dodecanoic acid --- photocatalysis --- Mg/Fe layered double hydroxides --- coprecipitation --- chlorophenols --- mixed oxides --- elimination --- phenol --- Al2O3-TiO2 --- CoMo --- CoMoS --- MoS2 --- desulfurization --- chemisorption --- MPI silica --- Ag nanoparticles --- XPS assessment --- n/a --- Suzuki-Miyaura
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This thesis presents a combination of material synthesis and characterization with process modeling. In it, the CO2 adsorption properties of hydrotalcites are enhanced through the production of novel supported hybrids (carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide) and the promotion with alkali metals. Hydrogen is regarded as a sustainable energy carrier, since the end users produce no carbon emissions. However, given that most of the hydrogen produced worldwide comes from fossil fuels, its potential as a carbon-free alternative depends on the ability to capture the carbon dioxide released during manufacture. Sorption-enhanced hydrogen production, in which CO2 is removed as it is formed, can make a major contribution to achieving this. The challenge is to find solid adsorbents with sufficient CO2 capacity that can work in the right temperature window over repeated adsorption-desorption cycles. The book presents a highly detailed characterization of the materials, together with an accurate measurement of their adsorption properties under dry conditions and in the presence of steam. It demonstrates that even small quantities of graphene oxide provide superior thermal stability to hydrotalcites due to their compatible layered structure, making them well suited as volume-efficient adsorbents for CO2. Lastly, it identifies suitable catalysts for the overall sorption-enhanced water gas shift process.
Energy. --- Renewable energy resources. --- Chemical engineering. --- Catalysis. --- Renewable energy sources. --- Alternate energy sources. --- Green energy industries. --- Materials science. --- Renewable and Green Energy. --- Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering. --- Characterization and Evaluation of Materials. --- Layered double hydroxides. --- Double hydroxides, Layered --- LDHs (Chemicals) --- Clathrate compounds --- Hydroxides --- Surfaces (Physics). --- Physics --- Surface chemistry --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Activation (Chemistry) --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Chemistry, Industrial --- Engineering, Chemical --- Industrial chemistry --- Engineering --- Chemistry, Technical --- Metallurgy --- Alternate energy sources --- Alternative energy sources --- Energy sources, Renewable --- Sustainable energy sources --- Power resources --- Renewable natural resources --- Agriculture and energy --- Material science --- Physical sciences
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Very few materials have attracted so much attention in recent years, both from researchers and industry, as layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have. LDHs, which are also referred to as anionic clays or hydrotalcites, are a wide class of inorganic ionic lamellar clay materials consisting of alternately stacked positively charged metal hydroxide layers with intercalated charge-balancing anions in hydrated interlayer regions. Their unique properties, such as their extremely high versatility in chemical composition and intercalation ability, extraordinary tuneability in composition as well as morphology, good biocompatibility and high anion exchangeability, have triggered immense interdisciplinary interest for their use in many different fields of chemistry, biology, medicine, and physics. Indeed, the applications of LDHs are constantly growing: LDHs, in the form of aggregated lamellar clusters, exfoliated single-layer nanosheets, or hierarchical films of interconnected nanoplatelets, can be effectively used as nanoscale vehicles in drug delivery, heterogeneous catalysts and supports for molecular catalysts, ion exchangers and adsorbents, solid electrolytes or fillers in electrochemistry, for the fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces, water treatment and purification, and the synthesis of functional thin films. This book gathers the contributions to the Special Issue “Layered Double Hydroxides” of Crystals, which includes two review articles and seven research papers.
Research & information: general --- layered double hydroxide --- memory effect --- rare earth --- europium --- 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid --- alginate beads --- green sorbent --- selective adsorption --- heavy metals --- tetracycline --- metal hydroxides --- layered double hydroxides --- removal --- water sample --- Bacillus subtilis --- surfactin --- quantitative analysis --- fermentation --- growth phase --- cellular biology --- catalysis --- DNA --- drug delivery --- hydrotalcite --- osteogenesis --- photocatalysis --- RNA. --- antimonate uptake --- mine water --- brandholzite --- zincalstibite --- iron precursor --- acidic residual solution --- LDH synthesis --- Mo(VI) adsorption --- resveratrol --- solid lipid nanoparticles --- endurance exercise --- mitochondrial nutrients --- mitochondrial quality control --- origin of life --- layer double hydroxide --- synthetic biology --- bioinspired devices --- biosensors --- bioanalysis --- n/a
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The book outlines recent advances in nuclear wasteform materials including glasses, ceramics and cements and spent nuclear fuel. It focuses on durability aspects and contains data on performance of nuclear wasteforms as well as expected behavior in a disposal environment.
actinides --- corrosion --- modeling --- paper sludge ash --- americium --- geological repository --- seawater --- burnup credit --- spark plasma sintering --- glass composite materials --- spent nuclear fuel --- leaching processes --- zeolite polymer composite fiber --- crystalline ceramics --- glass --- lanthanum --- inorganic synthesis --- durability --- leaching --- layered double hydroxides LDH --- plutonium --- sedimentation --- conditioning --- criticality safety --- uranium --- radionuclide --- sintering --- vitrification --- rare earth elements --- loading curves --- silver iodide --- forward dissolution rate --- caesium phosphomolybdate --- waste form --- fractional release --- alkali borosilicate glass --- immobilisation --- iodine --- lesukite --- geopolymer --- radioactive cesium --- ceramics --- cesium adsorbed --- immobilization --- wasteforms --- secondary phases --- cesium --- safe storage --- borosilicate glass corrosion --- research reactor fuel element U3Si2-Al --- strontium --- in situ fluid-cell Raman spectroscopy --- magnesium potassium phosphate compound --- chlorine --- neodymium --- zirconium molybdate --- heavy ion irradiation --- nuclear waste --- microscopy --- hazardous water
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This collection of research and review papers is aimed at depicting the state of the art on the possible correlations between processing variables, obtained structure and special properties which this structure induces on the plastic part. The extraordinary capacity of plastics to modify their properties according to a particular structure is evidenced for several transformation processes and for many applications. The final common goal is to take profit of this peculiar capacity of plastics by inducing, through a suitable processing, a specific spatial organization.
polymer blend --- carbon nanotube --- polycaprolactone --- X-ray diffraction --- reactive blending --- copper clad laminate --- incremental forming --- uniaxial compression --- fatigue --- nanoparticles --- composite --- deformation --- polymer composite --- humidity --- model --- uniaxial tensile deformation --- injection molding --- SPIF --- bioresorbable polymers --- flow --- poly(ethylene terephthalate) --- morphology --- 3D printing/additive manufacturing --- supercritical CO2 --- polymer morphology --- tissue engineering and regenerative medicine --- microfibrillar composites --- polyamide 6 --- ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene --- chain orientation --- processing --- intrinsic viscosity --- conductive polymer composites --- microcellular injection molding --- ionic liquids --- poly(?-caprolactone) --- biaxial elongation --- biobased films --- crystalline morphology --- gel --- composites --- PLLA --- bioresorbable vascular scaffolds --- temperature --- layered double hydroxides --- epoxy microstructure --- nanoreinforcement --- shear --- collagen --- controllable gas permeability --- contact angle --- WAXS --- mechanical performance --- biodegradable nanofibers --- in situ X-ray --- foam --- polyolefin --- carbon black --- polymorphism --- degradation --- polypropylene --- XRD --- graphite --- polyimide film --- indentation --- ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) --- mold temperature evolution --- fused filament fabrication/fused deposition modelling --- polyvinyl butyral --- supercritical fluid --- conductive filler --- octakis[(3-glycidoxypropyl)dimethylsiloxy]octasilsesquioxane (GPOSS) --- supercritical N2 --- compression molding --- flame retardant --- epinephrine --- crystallinity --- ethylene vinyl acetate --- atomic force microscopy --- temperature sensitive --- mechanical properties --- crystallisation --- microencapsulation --- linear coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) --- structure and properties --- PLA --- isotactic polypropylene --- lidocaine --- graphene --- structural analysis --- critical gel --- Harmonix AFM --- physicochemical characterization --- polyurethane --- cavitation --- curing rate --- orientation --- breathable film --- stress-induced phase transitions --- phase transitions --- SAXS --- hydrophobicity --- melamine polyphosphate --- PLGA --- compatibilizer --- polyoxymethylene (POM) --- homogeneous dispersion --- stretch blow molding --- electrical conductivity --- poly(lactic acid)
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The rapid increase in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains, combined with a dwindling rate of discovery of novel antibiotic molecules, has created an alarming issue worldwide. Although the occurrence of resistance in microbes is a natural process, the overuse of antibiotics is known to increase the rate of resistance evolution. Under antibiotic treatment, susceptible bacteria inevitably die, while resistant microorganisms proliferate under reduced competition. Therefore, the out-of-control use of antibiotics eliminates drug-susceptible species that would naturally limit the expansion of resistant species. In addition, the ability of many microbial species to grow as a biofilm has further complicated the treatment of infections with conventional antibiotics. A number of corrective measures are currently being explored to reverse or slow antibiotic resistance evolution, Among which one of the most promising solutions is the development of polymer-based antimicrobial compounds. In this Special Issue, different polymer systems able to prevent or treat biofilm formation, including cationic polymers, antibacterial peptide-mimetic polymers, polymers or composites able to load and release bioactive molecules, and antifouling polymers able to repel microbes by physical or chemical mechanisms are reported. Their applications in the design and fabrication of medical devices, in food packaging, and as drug carriers is investigated.
imidization --- antifouling materials --- n/a --- UV-induced polymerization --- 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate --- additive manufacturing --- antimicrobial resistance --- biofilm --- antibacterial peptides --- ocular infections --- food shelf-life --- hemolytic activity --- polyamide 11 --- coatings from nanoparticles --- polymeric surfaces --- microbial biofilm --- ?-chymotrypsin --- antimicrobial properties --- linear low-density polyethylene --- drug delivery systems --- ESKAPE pathogens --- halictine --- composites --- foodborne pathogens --- layered double hydroxides --- cuprous oxide nanoparticles --- multifunctional hybrid systems --- microbicidal coatings --- adhesives --- acrylates --- quaternization --- polymeric biocide --- biocompatible polymer --- surface functionalization --- sol-gel preparation --- antifouling --- antimicrobial peptides --- polymerizable quaternary ammonium salts --- antibiofilm activity --- polymeric films --- antibacterial activity --- bionanocomposites --- cationic polymers --- Escherichia coli --- antibacterial --- biofilm methods --- drug delivery --- circular dichroism --- coatings wettability --- antimicrobial polymers --- fluorescence --- Staphylococcus aureus --- biofilm analysis --- polyethylene glycol --- copolymerization --- dynamic light scattering --- physiological salt --- copper paint --- medical device-related infections --- olive mill wastewater --- Acinetobacter baumannii --- anti-biofilm surface --- additives --- periodontitis --- periodontal biofilms --- antimicrobial peptide --- segmented polyurethanes --- plastic materials --- biocompatible systems --- bactericidal coatings --- bacteria viability --- wound dressings --- ordered mesoporous silica --- quaternary ammonium --- multidrug-resistant --- antimicrobial polymer --- biofilm devices --- biofilm on contact lenses --- water disinfection --- amorphous materials --- polymers --- infrared spectroscopy --- quaternary ammonium salts --- lipopeptides --- antibacterial properties --- thermal stability --- proteinase --- active packaging --- antibacterial polymers --- anti-biofilm surfaces --- 3D printing --- drug carrier --- persister cells
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