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Chromosomes --- Karyotypes --- Mammals --- Mammifères
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Over 1200 entries to literature (mostly English-language journal articles). Intended for human cytogeneticists. Sources were Current contents, various genetics journals from 1970 to the present, and Excerpta medica and Index medicus for afew earlier references. Entries arranged under sections titled Structural variations and anomalies, Numerical anomalies, and Chromosomal breakage syndromes. Author, selected syndrome indexes.
Chromosome Aberrations --- Human chromosome abnormalities --- Human chromosomes --- Karyotypes --- bibliography. --- Chromosome Aberrations.
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Chromosomes, Mammalian --- Karyotypes --- Mammals --- Caryotypes --- Mammifères --- Atlases --- Atlases --- Atlas --- Atlas
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Le but de l'essai in vitro d'aberration chromosomique est d'identifier les agents qui causent des aberrations chromosomiques structurales dans les cellules mammifères cultivées. Les aberrations structurales peuvent être de deux types : chromosomiques ou chromatidiques. L'essai in vitro d'aberration chromosomique peut utiliser des cultures de lignées cellulaires établies, des souches cellulaires ou des cultures de cellules primaires. Des cultures cellulaires sont exposées à la substance d'essai (liquide ou solide) avec et sans activation métabolique pendant environ 1.5 fois le cycle cellulaire normal. Au moins trois concentrations analysables de la substance d'essai devraient être employées. Il faut normalement réaliser les cultures en doublon à chaque niveau de dose. À intervalles prédéterminés après exposition des cultures de cellules à la substance d'essai, les cellules sont traitées avec une substance qui bloque la métaphase, récoltées et teintées. Les cellules métaphasiques sont analysées au microscope pour déceler les aberrations chromosomiques.
Mammals --- Chromosome abnormalities. --- Chemical tests and reagents. --- Genetics. --- Chromosomal aberrations --- Chromosome anomalies --- Chromosomes --- Karyotypes --- Mutation (Biology) --- Chemical reagents --- Reagents, Chemical --- Indicators and test-papers
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This summary of the results of chromosomal analysis of various groups of parasitic wasps will be essential reading for those working in the field. It is the second edition of a monograph that was first published in Russian, and has been substantially updated with new data, conclusions and references. The goal of this ground-breaking work is to document the author’s study of the karyotype structure and chromosomal evolution of parasitic Hymenoptera. It also interprets the results obtained, from both routine and differential chromosome staining, for systematic and phylogenetic purposes. Despite the huge importance of parasitic wasps, many problems of their taxonomy remain insufficiently studied. This is a situation that needs rectifying, as Hymenoptera are one of the largest and most taxonomically complicated groups of insects and they play a very important role in food chains as parasitoids of the overwhelming majority of insects and other arthropods. Parasitic wasps attack many pests of agriculture and forestry as well as certain beneficial insects. In addition, some secondarily phytophagous Hymenoptera damage certain cultivated plants. The renowned entomologist and author of this volume, Vladimir Gokhman, has himself developed a particular technique for obtaining chromosomal preparations from adult parasitic wasps. This allowed the inclusion of a wide range of those insects into the study. The karyotypic features of the majority of superfamilies and families as well as many lower taxa of parasitic Hymenoptera are listed, while the plesiomorphic and apomorphic character states of chromosome sets of parasitic wasps are revealed. The structural features of karyotypes used for identifying and discriminating sibling species and similar forms are shown, as are the data on chromosome sets of about 400 species of parasitic Hymenoptera (including more than 200 micrographs). Also included is a comprehensive phylogenetic and taxonomic analysis of karyotypic information. This book is unique because it demonstrates a range of karyotypic data for an insect group that seemed unattainable in this respect not so long ago. Rich in new facts, techniques and ideas, it will be of use to all those interested in karyology and Hymenoptera.
Hymenoptera --Genetics. --- Karyotypes. --- Parasitic wasps --Genetics. --- Parasitic wasps --- Karyotypes --- Hymenoptera --- Invertebrates & Protozoa --- Zoology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Genetics --- Hymenoptera. --- Symphyta --- Life sciences. --- Animal genetics. --- Entomology. --- Life Sciences. --- Animal Genetics and Genomics. --- Animal Systematics/Taxonomy/Biogeography. --- Insects --- Chromosome abnormalities --- Chromosomes --- Cytotaxonomy --- Animal systematics. --- Animal taxonomy. --- Animal classification --- Animal systematics --- Animal taxonomy --- Classification --- Systematic zoology --- Systematics (Zoology) --- Taxonomy, Animal --- Zoological classification --- Zoological systematics --- Zoological taxonomy --- Animals
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Cet essai mesure les aberrations chromosomiques structurales (de type chromosomique et chromatidique) qui surviennent dans les spermatogonies et devrait par conséquent permettre de prévoir l'induction de mutations héritées dans les cellules germinales. L’essai d’aberration chromosomique pratiqué in vivo sur des spermatogonies de mammifères est destiné à détecter les produits chimiques qui causent des aberrations chromosomiques structurales dans les cellules de spermatogonies de mammifère (1) (2) (3). Par ailleurs, cet essai se prête bien à l’évaluation de la génotoxicité, car, malgré des variations entre les espèces, les facteurs du métabolisme in vivo, la pharmacocinétique et les processus de réparation de l’ADN sont actifs et contribuent aux réponses. La Ligne directrice 483 originale a été adoptée en 1997. La présente version modifiée de la ligne directrice reflète les connaissances scientifiques acquises après de nombreuses années d’expérience de cet essai et tient compte des possibilités de l’intégrer ou de le combiner à d’autres études de toxicité ou de génotoxicité.
Chromosome abnormalities. --- Chemical tests and reagents. --- Toxicity testing. --- Poisons --- Toxicological testing --- Toxicology --- Toxicology testing --- Toxicology, Experimental --- Chemical reagents --- Reagents, Chemical --- Indicators and test-papers --- Chromosomal aberrations --- Chromosome anomalies --- Chromosomes --- Karyotypes --- Mutation (Biology) --- Testing
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Human chromosome abnormalities --- Cancer --- Karyotypes --- Human cytogenetics --- Chromosome Aberrations --- Neoplasms --- Chromosomes humains --- Cytogénétique humaine --- Catalogs and collections --- Genetic aspects --- catalogs --- pathology --- Anomalies --- Catalogues et collections --- Aspect génétique --- CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS --- NEOPLASMS --- Catalogs and collections. --- catalogs. --- Chromosome aberrations --- Catalogs. --- Pathology --- Cytogénétique humaine --- Aspect génétique
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Chromosome abnormalities --- Molecular genetics --- Mutation (Biology) --- Laboratory manuals. --- genetica --- Genetics --- -Molecular genetics --- -Chromosome abnormalities --- -Chromosomal aberrations --- Chromosome anomalies --- Chromosomes --- Karyotypes --- Molecular biology --- Variation (Biology) --- Laboratory manuals --- Mutation (Biologie) --- Génétique moléculaire --- Aberrations chromosomiques --- Handbooks, manuals, etc --- Manuels de laboratoire --- Guides, manuels, etc. --- moleculaire biologie --- Chromosomal aberrations --- oligonucleotides --- electrophoresis
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As the largest group of extant vertebrates, fish offer an almost limitless number of striking examples of evolutionary adaptation to environmental and biotic selection pressure. The most diverse of all vertebrate groups, the higher taxa of fish traditionally have been classified by morphology and paleontology, with a much smaller input of cytogenetic information. DNA sequence data are exerting an increasingly strong influence on modern fish systematics, challenging the classification of numerous higher taxa ranging from genera to orders. The most fruitful approach, however, involves synthetic analyses of morphology, molecular phylogenetics, comparative karyology, and genome size. Karyotypes of more than 3400 species/subspecies are arranged here by fish systematics and include a list of genome size, sex chromosomes, B chromosomes, polyploidy, and locality of material fish, among others. This volume enables both beginners and advanced researchers to survey the existing literature and facilitates the implementation of an integrative approach to fish systematics. The first book on fish chromosomes in nearly 15 years, it is also the most comprehensive.
Fishes -- Classification -- Genetic aspects. --- Fishes -- Cytogenetics. --- Karyotypes -- Databases. --- Karyotypes. --- Fishes --- Karyotypes --- Vertebrates --- Biology --- Information Science --- Chordata --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Animals --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Eukaryota --- Organisms --- Classification --- Genetics --- Zoology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Cytogenetics --- Genetic aspects --- Systematics --- Taxonomy --- Classifications --- Taxonomies --- Eucarya --- Eukarya --- Eukaryotes --- Eukaryotas --- Eukaryote --- Animalia --- Animal --- Metazoa --- Natural Sciences --- Physical Sciences --- Discipline, Natural Science --- Disciplines, Natural Science --- Natural Science --- Natural Science Discipline --- Physical Science --- Science, Natural --- Science, Physical --- Sciences, Natural --- Sciences, Physical --- Biologic Sciences --- Biological Science --- Science, Biological --- Sciences, Biological --- Biological Sciences --- Life Sciences --- Biologic Science --- Biological Science Discipline --- Discipline, Biological Science --- Disciplines, Biological Science --- Life Science --- Science Discipline, Biological --- Science Disciplines, Biological --- Science, Biologic --- Science, Life --- Sciences, Biologic --- Sciences, Life --- Chordates --- Chordate --- Information Sciences --- Science, Information --- Sciences, Information --- Vertebrate --- Fish --- Pisces --- Life sciences. --- Cell biology. --- Molecular ecology. --- Evolutionary biology. --- Animal genetics. --- Wildlife. --- Fish. --- Life Sciences. --- Animal Genetics and Genomics. --- Animal Systematics/Taxonomy/Biogeography. --- Evolutionary Biology. --- Fish & Wildlife Biology & Management. --- Molecular Ecology. --- Cell Biology. --- Evolution (Biology). --- Wildlife management. --- Cytology. --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Animal populations --- Game management --- Management, Game --- Management, Wildlife --- Plant populations --- Wildlife resources --- Natural resources --- Wildlife conservation --- Animal evolution --- Biological evolution --- Darwinism --- Evolutionary biology --- Evolutionary science --- Origin of species --- Evolution --- Biological fitness --- Homoplasy --- Natural selection --- Phylogeny --- Ecology --- Molecular biology --- Management --- Molecular aspects --- Animal systematics. --- Animal taxonomy. --- Aquatic animals --- Fisheries --- Fishing --- Ichthyology --- Animal classification --- Animal systematics --- Animal taxonomy --- Systematic zoology --- Systematics (Zoology) --- Taxonomy, Animal --- Zoological classification --- Zoological systematics --- Zoological taxonomy
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This issue of Recent Results in Cancer Research presents a comprehensive review of current understanding of chromosomal instability in cancer and of strategies to use this information for better treatment of patients with cancer. Cancer is a disease of the chromosomes, and chromosomal instability in cancer disrupts gene function by either inactivating tumor suppressor genes or activating growth-promoting oncogenes. The chromosomal basis for these aberrations is either translocations, which change the integrity of genes, or abnormal numbers of chromosomes, a condition referred to as aneuploidy, which results in abnormal gene expression levels. Such structural or numerical chromosomal aberrations are specific for distinct tumor entities. The degree of chromosomal instability and the degree of intratumor heterogeneity have profound consequences for disease outcome and for therapeutic stratification.
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic --- Chromosomal Instability --- Translocation, Genetic --- Aneuploidy --- Neoplasms --- Diseases --- Ploidies --- Genomic Instability --- Gene Expression Regulation --- Chromosome Aberrations --- Mutagenesis --- Pathologic Processes --- Mutation --- Genetic Phenomena --- Genetic Processes --- Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms --- Phenomena and Processes --- Genetic Variation --- Oncology --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Cancer cells. --- Chromosome abnormalities. --- Chromosomal aberrations --- Chromosome anomalies --- Medicine. --- Cancer research. --- Human genetics. --- Oncology. --- Medicine & Public Health. --- Cancer Research. --- Human Genetics. --- Tumors --- Genetics --- Heredity, Human --- Human biology --- Physical anthropology --- Cancer research --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Chromosomes --- Karyotypes --- Mutation (Biology) --- Cells --- Pathology, Cellular --- Oncology .
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