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This open access book constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Computer and Information Sciences, EuroCybersec 2021, held in Nice, France, in October 2021. The 9 papers presented together with 1 invited paper were carefully reviewed and selected from 21 submissions. The papers focus on topics of security of distributed interconnected systems, software systems, Internet of Things, health informatics systems, energy systems, digital cities, digital economy, mobile networks, and the underlying physical and network infrastructures. This is an open access book.

Computer networks --- Computer security --- Security measures --- architecture types --- artificial intelligence --- communication systems --- computer crime --- computer hardware --- computer networks --- computer security --- computer systems --- cryptography --- data security --- Internet of Things (IoT) --- network protocols --- network security --- signal processing --- software architecture --- software design --- software engineering --- telecommunication networks --- telecommunication systems --- Seguretat informàtica --- Xarxes d'ordinadors

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The recent development in wireless networks and devices has led to novel services that will utilize wireless communication on a new level. Much effort and resources have been dedicated to establishing new communication networks that will support machine-to-machine communication and the Internet of Things (IoT). In these systems, various smart and sensory devices are deployed and connected, enabling large amounts of data to be streamed. Smart services represent new trends in mobile services, i.e., a completely new spectrum of context-aware, personalized, and intelligent services and applications. A variety of existing services utilize information about the position of the user or mobile device. The position of mobile devices is often achieved using the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) chips that are integrated into all modern mobile devices (smartphones). However, GNSS is not always a reliable source of position estimates due to multipath propagation and signal blockage. Moreover, integrating GNSS chips into all devices might have a negative impact on the battery life of future IoT applications. Therefore, alternative solutions to position estimation should be investigated and implemented in IoT applications. This Special Issue, “Smart Sensor Technologies for IoT” aims to report on some of the recent research efforts on this increasingly important topic. The twelve accepted papers in this issue cover various aspects of Smart Sensor Technologies for IoT.

Technology: general issues --- Internet of Things (IoT) --- ReRoute --- Multicast Repair (M-REP) --- internet of things (IoT) --- Fast Reroute --- bit repair (B-REP) --- failure repair --- WSN --- MANET --- DRONET --- multilayered network model --- 5G --- IoT --- smart sensors --- smart sensor --- IoT system --- Velostat --- pressure sensor --- convolutional neural network --- data classification --- position detection --- magnetometer --- traffic --- vehicle --- classification --- measurement --- detection --- Internet of Things --- Bluetooth --- indoor tracking --- mobile localization --- optical sensors --- vibration sensing --- quality of service differentiation --- wireless optical networks --- free space optics --- multiwavelength laser --- optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) --- underwater wireless sensor network --- energy-efficient --- clustering --- depth-based routing --- mm-wave radars --- GNSS-RTK positioning --- wireless technology --- electromagnetic scanning --- point cloud --- localization --- IMU --- Wi-Fi --- positioning --- dead reckoning --- particle filter --- fingerprinting --- Wi-Fi sensing --- human activity recognition --- location-independent --- meta learning --- metric learning --- few-shot learning --- ACR --- H.264/AVC --- H.265/HEVC --- QoE --- subjective assessment --- n/a

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Information and communication technology (ICT) is reponsible for up to 10% of world power consumption. In particular, communications and computing systems are indispensable elements in ICT; thus, determining how to improve the energy efficiency in communications and computing systems has become one of the most important issues for realizing green ICT. Even though a number of studies have been conducted, most of them focused on one aspect—either communications or computing systems. However, salient features in communications and computing systems should be jointly considered, and novel holistic approaches across communications and computing systems are strongly required to implement energy-efficient systems. In addition, emerging systems, such as energy-harvesting IoT devices, cyber-physical systems (CPSs), autonomous vehicles (AVs), and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), require new approaches to satisfy their strict energy consumption requirements in mission-critical situations. The goal of this Special Issue is to disseminate the recent advances in energy-efficient communications and computing systems. Review and survey papers on these topics are welcome. Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following: • energy-efficient communications: from physical layer to application layer; • energy-efficient computing systems; • energy-efficient network architecture: through SDN/NFV/network slicing; • energy-efficient system design; • energy-efficient Internet of Things (IoT) and Industrial IoT (IIoT); • energy-efficient edge/fog/cloud computing; • new approaches for energy-efficient computing and communications (e.g., AI/ML and data-driven approaches); • new performance metrics on energy efficiency in emerging systems; • energy harvesting and simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT); • smart grid and vehicle-to-grid (V2G); and • standardization and open source activities for energy efficient systems.

History of engineering & technology --- UAV --- relay --- cooperative communications --- buffer --- power control --- energy efficiency --- energy-neutral operation --- wireless powered sensor network --- simultaneous wireless information and power transfer --- energy harvesting --- clustering --- offloading --- Internet of Things (IoT) --- energy --- constraint Markov decision process (CMDP) --- optimization --- computation offloading --- mobile edge computing --- lyapunov optimization --- 1-bit unit cell --- coding metasurface --- adaptive beam focusing --- wireless power transfer --- UAV network --- topology control --- space division

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The intense development of novel data-driven and hybrid methods for structural health monitoring (SHM) has been demonstrated by field deployments on large-scale systems, including transport, wind energy, and building infrastructure. The actionability of SHM as an essential resource for life-cycle and resilience management is heavily dependent on the advent of low-cost and easily deployable sensors Nonetheless, in optimizing these deployments, a number of open issues remain with respect to the sensing side. These are associated with the type, configuration, and eventual processing of the information acquired from these sensors to deliver continuous behavioral signatures of the monitored structures. This book discusses the latest advances in the field of sensor networks for SHM. The focus lies both in active research on the theoretical foundations of optimally deploying and operating sensor networks and in those technological developments that might designate the next generation of sensing solutions targeted for SHM. The included contributions span the complete SHM information chain, from sensor design to configuration, data interpretation, and triggering of reactive action. The featured papers published in this Special Issue offer an overview of the state of the art and further proceed to introduce novel methods and tools. Particular attention is given to the treatment of uncertainty, which inherently describes the sensed information and the behavior of monitored systems.

Technology: general issues --- probabilistic data-interpretation --- Bayesian model updating --- error-domain model falsification --- iterative asset-management --- practical applicability --- computation time --- swarm-based parallel control (SPC) --- Internet of Things (IoT) --- soil–structure interaction (SSI) --- semi-active control --- adjacent buildings --- Bayesian inference --- model updating --- modal identification --- structural dynamics --- bridges --- sensor placement optimisation --- structural health monitoring --- damage identification --- mutual information --- evolutionary optimisation --- inertial sensor fusion --- instrumented particle --- MEMS --- sediment entrainment --- sensor calibration --- frequency of entrainment --- varying environmental and operational conditions --- damage detection and localization --- Gaussian process regression --- autoregressive with exogenous inputs --- distributed sensor network --- mode shape curvatures --- n/a --- soil-structure interaction (SSI)

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Digital Twins in Industry is a compilation of works by authors with specific emphasis on industrial applications. Much of the research on digital twins has been conducted by the academia in both theoretical considerations and laboratory-based prototypes. Industry, while taking the lead on larger scale implementations of Digital Twins (DT) using sophisticated software, is concentrating on dedicated solutions that are not within the reach of the average-sized industries. This book covers 11 chapters of various implementations of DT. It provides an insight for companies who are contemplating the adaption of the DT technology, as well as researchers and senior students in exploring the potential of DT and its associated technologies.

Technology: general issues --- digital twin --- manufacturing --- tolerancing --- geometry assurance --- digital thread --- virtual reality --- augmented reality --- 360 modules --- YouTube --- online App --- construction --- building --- digital pedagogy --- role play --- e-learning --- risk management. --- internet of things --- interoperability --- standardization --- engine block --- industrial process --- steady state simulation --- directed graph --- piping and instrumentation diagram --- Balas® --- ergonomics --- production process --- Digital Twin --- digital twins --- crane --- machine design --- integration --- maintenance --- operation --- API --- open source --- framework --- shipyard --- industry 4.0 --- digital-twin --- gerotor pump --- hydraulic-systems --- simulation --- computer-aided design --- safety --- smart operator --- smart manufacturing --- Industry 4.0 --- digital twins (DTs) --- Internet of Things (IoT) --- sustainability requirements --- sustainable development --- product design --- n/a