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The history of the Roman Republic was a military success story. Texts, monuments and rituals commemorated Rome's victories, and this emphasis on its own triumphs formed a basis for the Roman nobility's claim to leadership. However, the Romans also suffered numerous heavy defeats during the Republic. This study is the first to comprehensively examine how Rome's defeats at the hands of the Celts, Samnites, and Carthaginians were explained and interpreted in the historical culture of the Republic and early imperial period. What emerges is a specifically Roman culture of dealing with defeats, which helped the Romans to find meaning in the stories of their failures and to assign them a place in their own past. Simon Lentzsch is a research assistant at the Chair of Ancient History at the University of Cologne. This book is a translation of an original German edition. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so that the book will read stylistically differently from a conventional translation.

Ancient history --- History of Europe --- geschiedenis --- Europese geschiedenis --- Europe --- Europe—History—To 476. --- History of Ancient Europe.

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Civilization, Medieval --- Civilization, Greco-Roman --- Civilisation médiévale --- Civilisation gréco-romaine --- Europe --- History --- Histoire --- Congresses --- Civilisation médiévale --- Civilisation gréco-romaine --- Civilization, Medieval - Congresses --- Civilization, Greco-Roman - Congresses --- Europe - History - 392-814 - Congresses --- Europe - History - To 476 - Congresses

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Ancient history --- History of Europe --- Celts --- Civilization, Celtic --- Celtic antiquities --- Europe --- History --- Conferences - Meetings --- Congresses --- Iron age --- Celtic languages --- Sculpture, Belgian --- Influence --- Celtic influences --- Celtic civilization --- Celtic peoples --- Gaels --- Ethnology --- Indo-Europeans --- Alpine race --- Antiquities, Celtic --- Antiquities --- Civilization --- Council of Europe countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- Celts - Congresses --- Civilization, Celtic - Congresses --- Celtic antiquities - Congresses --- Europe - History - To 476 - Congresses

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"Here is a fresh, provocative look at how a recognizable Europe came into being in the first millennium AD. With sharp analytic insight, Peter Heather explores the dynamics of migration and social and economic interaction that changed two vastly different worlds--the undeveloped barbarian world and the sophisticated Roman Empire--into remarkably similar societies and states. The book's vivid narrative begins at the time of Christ, when the Mediterranean circle, newly united under the Romans, hosted a politically sophisticated, economically advanced, and culturally developed civilization--one with philosophy, banking, professional armies, literature, stunning architecture, even garbage collection. The rest of Europe, meanwhile, was home to subsistence farmers living in small groups, dominated largely by Germanic speakers. Although having some iron tools and weapons, these mostly illiterate peoples worked mainly in wood and never built in stone. The farther east one went, the simpler it became: fewer iron tools and ever less productive economies. And yet ten centuries later, from the Atlantic to the Urals, the European world had turned. Slavic speakers had largely superseded Germanic speakers in central and Eastern Europe, literacy was growing, Christianity had spread, and most fundamentally, Mediterranean supremacy was broken. The emergence of larger and stronger states in the north and east had, by the year 1000, brought patterns of human organization into much greater homogeneity across the continent. Barbarian Europe was barbarian no longer. Bringing the whole of first millennium European history together for the first time, and challenging current arguments that migration played but a tiny role in this unfolding narrative, Empires and Barbarians views the destruction of the ancient world order in the light of modern migration and globalization patterns. The result is a compelling, nuanced, and integrated view of how the foundations of modern Europe were laid"--Provided by publisher. "At the start of the first millennium AD, southern and western Europe formed part of the Mediterranean-based Roman Empire, the largest state western Eurasia has ever known, and was set firmly on a trajectory towards towns, writing, mosaics, and central heating. Central, northern and eastern Europe was home to subsistence farmers, living in wooden houses with mud floors, whose largest political units weighed in at no more than a few thousand people. By the year 1000, Mediterranean domination of the European landscape had been destroyed. Instead of one huge Empire facing loosely organized subsistence farmers, Europe - from the Atlantic almost to the Urals - was home to an interacting commonwealth of Christian states, many of which are still with us today. This book tells the story of the transformations which changed western Eurasia forever: of the birth of Europe itself"--Provided by publisher.

Migrations of nations. --- Culture diffusion --- Civilization, Medieval. --- Migrations de peuples --- Diffusion culturelle --- Civilisation médiévale --- History. --- Histoire --- Europe --- Rome --- History --- Migrations of nations --- Civilization, Medieval --- Civilisation médiévale --- Culture diffusion - Europe - History --- Europe - History - To 476 --- Europe - History - 476-1492 --- Rome - History - Empire, 284-476 --- Europe - Histoire - Jusqu'à 476 --- Europe - Histoire - 476-1492

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This book tackles the difficult challenge of uncovering the pathogenic cause, epidemiological mechanics and broader historical impacts of an extremely deadly third-century ancient Roman pandemic. The core of this research is embodied in a novel systems synthesis methodology that allows for ground-breaking historical-scientific problem-solving. Through precise historical and scientific problem-solving, analysis and modelling, the authors piece together a holistic puzzle portrait of an ancient plague that is fully consistent, in turn, with both the surviving ancient evidence and the latest in cutting edge twenty-first-century modern medical and molecular phylogenetic science. Demonstrating the broader relevance of the crisis-beset world of the third-century Roman Empire in providing guiding and cautionary historical lessons for the present, this innovative book provides fascinating insights for students and scholars across a range of disciplines. Mark Orsag is Professor of European and Interdisciplinary History and Chair of the History Department at Doane University in the USA. Prior to this, he studied at Carnegie-Mellon University, Pennsylvania State University, and Michigan State University. Mark’s research is centered at the nexus of history and the natural sciences. Dr. Amanda McKinney is the founder/executive director of the Institute for Human and Planetary Health in the USA. She is a triple board-certified physician with a medical degree from the University of Nebraska and residency/fellowship training at the University of California-Irvine. She is a Collaborator in the Planetary Limits Academic Network, which “aims to raise awareness about critical systemic challenges facing the human endeavor.” Her ongoing research encompasses both plant medicine and how planetary limits will impact US healthcare. DeeAnn M. Reeder is Professor of Biology at Bucknell University in the USA. She is a wildlife biologist who studies disease ecology, behavior, physiology, and conservation. Having previously studied at UC Berkeley, UC Davis and Boston University, DeeAnn’s current research explores the relationships between bat health, ecosystem health and human disease risk. She holds a research position at the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC.

Pure sciences. Natural sciences (general) --- History of human medicine --- Epidemiology --- Pathology --- History as a science --- Ancient history --- History of Europe --- wetenschapsgeschiedenis --- historiografie --- pathologie --- geneeskunde --- geschiedenis --- epidemiologie --- Europese geschiedenis --- Europe --- Europe—History—To 476. --- Medicine—History. --- Science—History. --- Historiography. --- History—Methodology. --- Pathology. --- Epidemiology. --- History of Ancient Europe. --- History of Medicine. --- History of Science. --- Historiography and Method.