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In many cases, the relationship between environmental pollution and economic development can be generally depicted by an inverted U-shaped curve, or an environmental Kuznets curve, where pollution increases with income at the beginning and decreases after a certain level of income. However, what determine the shape of an enviornmental Kuznets curve, such as the height and the turning point of the curve, have not been thoroughly studied. A good understanding of the determinants is vitally important to the development community, especially for the developing world, where income growth is a high priority and yet environmental pollution also needs to be carefully controlled. This study analyzes the impacts of economic structure, development strategy and environmental regulation on the shape of the environmental Kuznets curve with a city-level panel dataset obtained from China. The results show that economic structure, development strategy and environmental regulation can all have important implications on the relationship between environmental environmental quality and economic development but the impacts can be different at different development stages.

Development Strategy --- Economic Structure --- Economic Theory & Research --- Emerging Markets --- Energy --- Environment --- Environmental Economics & Policies --- Environmental Kuznets Curve --- Environmental Quality --- Green Issues --- Population Policies --- China

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Energy consumption and economic growth have been of great interest to researchers and policy-makers. Knowing the actual causal relationship between energy and the economy with respect to environmental degradation has important implications for modeling environmental and growth policies. The eleven chapters included herein aim to help researchers, academicians, and especially decision-makers to understand relevant issues and adopt appropriate methods to tackle and solve relevant environmental problems. Various methods from different disciplines are proposed and applied to various environmental and energy issues.

expected utility maximization --- decoupling theory --- urban utility tunnel --- sensitivity analysis --- environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) --- economic systems --- structural decomposition analysis --- thermodynamic cycles --- sustainable wind energy management --- environmental engineering --- energy commodities --- hedging strategies --- energy consumption --- industrialization --- energy --- waste --- Analytic Hierarchy Process --- panel data --- rank reversal --- economy --- industrial CO2 emission --- sustainability --- sustainable development --- energy-related carbon emissions --- Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis --- Shapley value --- Kaya identity --- circular economy --- minimum-variance hedge ratio --- MESSAGE model --- fixed assets investment --- life cycle cost --- Analytic Network Process --- environmental efficiency --- Pakistan --- data envelopment analysis --- embodied energy --- carbon emissions --- district distributed power plants --- economic benefit evaluation --- differential GMM estimation --- linearization --- effectiveness --- dynamic hybrid input–output model --- environment quality cointegration --- cost allocation --- risk aversion --- environment --- 3E --- financial development --- LMDI approach --- differential games --- energy recovery --- resource dependence theory --- open-loop control systems --- Tapio decoupling model --- uncertain dynamic systems

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This special issue aims to contribute to the climate actions which called for the need to address Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions, keeping global warming to well below 2°C through various means, including accelerating renewables, clean fuels, and clean technologies into the entire energy system. As long as fossil fuels (coal, gas and oil) are still used in the foreseeable future, it is vital to ensure that these fossil fuels are used cleanly through abated technologies. Financing the clean and energy transition technologies is vital to ensure the smooth transition towards net zero emission by 2050 or beyond. The lack of long‐term financing, the low rate of return, the existence of various risks, and the lack of capacity of market players are major challenges to developing sustainable energy systems.This special collected 17 high-quality empirical studies that assess the challenges for developing secure and sustainable energy systems and provide practical policy recommendations. The editors of this special issue wish to thank the Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA) for funding several papers that were published in this special issue.

Research & information: general --- Physics --- industrial energy intensity --- pollution emission intensity --- quantile DID method --- Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei coordinated development --- China --- environmental Kuznets curve --- CO2 emission --- energy efficiency --- economic growth --- panel ARDL --- DEA --- energy transition --- renewables --- hydrogen --- fossil fuels --- emissions --- FDIA --- blockchain --- data exchanging --- under-operating agents --- ISO --- electricity market --- Saudi Arabia --- energy sustainability --- world energy trilemma index --- Bayesian Belief Network --- green technology --- sustainability --- climate change --- Southeast Asia --- energy policy --- high-efficiency --- low-emission --- carbon dioxide emissions --- carbon pricing --- subcritical --- desulphurization --- denitrification --- cost–benefit analysis --- levelized cost of electricity --- energy supply security --- energy dependence --- energy diversity --- business as usual (BAU) --- Alternative Policy Scenarios (APSs) --- clean technologies --- and resiliency --- multi plant firms --- environmental assessment --- local-global performance --- wind energy --- power trade --- counterfactual scenario --- ASEAN --- natural gas --- multi-objective --- goal programming --- optimization --- allocation --- connectivity --- energy infrastructure --- Mekong Subregion --- green bonds --- post-COVID-19 era --- Asia and the Pacific --- green finance --- sustainable development --- thermal energy storage (TES) --- latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) --- circular economy --- environmental sustainability --- life cycle assessment (LCA) --- physico-chemical characterization --- Coats–Redfern model --- flammability --- integral model --- iso-conversional --- wind farm site selection --- multi-criteria decision-making system --- Analytic Hierarchy Process --- Semnan province --- ArcGIS