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This paper reviews a broad set of indicators of competitiveness in the Macedonian economy and estimates the equilibrium real effective exchange rate (REER) using different methodologies. Although the REER is broadly in equilibrium at present, structural factors are found to hamper competitiveness. While a more competitive exchange rate might improve short-term export performance, sustained improvements require enhanced productivity and resource reallocation to more dynamic sectors, which depends on reforms to improve the business environment.

Competition -- Macedonia (Republic). --- Electronic books. -- local. --- Macedonia (Republic) -- Economic conditions. --- Business & Economics --- Economic History --- Competition --- Macedonia (Republic) --- Economic conditions. --- Competition (Economics) --- Competitiveness (Economics) --- Economic competition --- Economic aspects --- Macedonia (Federated Republic, 1945- ) --- Narodna Republika Makedonija --- NRM --- Maqedonia (Republic) --- N.R.M. --- Makedonija (Republic) --- S.R. Makedonija --- Socijalistička Republika Makedonija --- SR Makedonija --- Socialist Republic of Macedonia --- Maḳedonyah (Republic) --- Makedonii︠a︡ (Republic) --- Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia --- F.Y.R.O.M. --- FYROM --- Macedonia, Former Yugoslav Republic of --- Republika Makedonija --- FYR Macedonia --- Republic of Macedonia --- Република Македонија --- Македонија (Republic) --- Masèdonia (Republic) --- Republiek van Masedonië --- Masedonië (Republic) --- Republik Mazedonie --- Republik Makedonie --- Ehemoligi Jugoslawischi Republik Mazedonie --- Mazedonie (Republic) --- Makedonie (Republic) --- Cynewīse Macedonia --- جمهورية مقدونيا --- Jumhūrīyat Maqdūniyā --- Republica de Macedonia --- Republica Machedonia --- Machedonia (Republic) --- Republica ali Machedonia --- Republica Ex-Iugoslavã ali Machedonia --- Rèpublica de Macèdonie --- Antigua República Yugoslava de Macedonia --- Ex República Yugoslava de Macedonia --- Masendoña (Republic) --- F.Y.R.O. Masendoña --- Makedoniya (Republic) --- Makedoniya Respublikası --- Keçmiş Yuqoslaviya Makedoniya Respublikası --- Makedonija Kiōng-hô-kok --- Рэспубліка Македонія --- Rėspublika Makedonii︠a︡ --- Македонія (Republic) --- Republika kan Masedonya --- Masedonya (Republic) --- Mazedonien (Republic) --- Makedonien (Republic) --- Republik Mazedonien --- Republik Makedonia --- Makedonia (Republic) --- Republik Yougoslaviat Kent Makedonia --- Република Македония --- Republika Makedonii︠a︡ --- Бивша югославска република Македония --- Bivsha i︠u︡goslavska republika Makedonii︠a︡ --- Commerce --- Conglomerate corporations --- Covenants not to compete --- Industrial concentration --- Monopolies --- Open price system --- Supply and demand --- Trusts, Industrial --- North Macedonia --- Republic of North Macedonia --- Republika Severna Makedonija --- Severna Makedonija --- Република Северна Македонија --- Северна Македонија --- Maqedonia e Veriut --- Republika e Maqedonisë së Veriut --- Exports and Imports --- Foreign Exchange --- Current Account Adjustment --- Short-term Capital Movements --- Trade: General --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- International economics --- Real exchange rates --- Real effective exchange rates --- Current account --- Exchange rates --- Exports --- Balance of payments --- North Macedonia, Republic of

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This Selected Issues paper on Former Yugoslav Republic (FYR) of Macedonia investigates the macroeconomic impact of remittances on long-run external sustainability and growth. The paper presents stylized facts pertaining to the characteristics of remittances in Macedonia, highlighting their countercyclicality and importance in sustaining the purchasing power of domestic agents. The paper reviews to help set up a theoretical framework for assessing their macroeconomic impact, highlighting the possible risk of “Dutch disease” developments. The paper uses a Bayesian vector autoregression (BVAR) model to empirically investigate both hypotheses of countercyclicality and Dutch disease effects and puts forward a few policy options that may be explored to better harness remittances to support investment and long-term growth. The paper suggests that strong political engagement in support of diaspora projects is a key point. The mobilization of diaspora savings for private and public investment would maximize the long-term benefits of remittances.

North Macedonia --- Republic of North Macedonia --- Republika Severna Makedonija --- Severna Makedonija --- Република Северна Македонија --- Северна Македонија --- Maqedonia e Veriut --- Republika e Maqedonisë së Veriut --- Macedonia (Republic) --- Economic policy. --- Economic conditions. --- Macedonia (Federated Republic, 1945- ) --- Narodna Republika Makedonija --- NRM --- Maqedonia (Republic) --- N.R.M. --- Makedonija (Republic) --- S.R. Makedonija --- Socijalistička Republika Makedonija --- SR Makedonija --- Socialist Republic of Macedonia --- Maḳedonyah (Republic) --- Makedonii︠a︡ (Republic) --- Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia --- F.Y.R.O.M. --- FYROM --- Macedonia, Former Yugoslav Republic of --- Republika Makedonija --- FYR Macedonia --- Republic of Macedonia --- Република Македонија --- Македонија (Republic) --- Masèdonia (Republic) --- Republiek van Masedonië --- Masedonië (Republic) --- Republik Mazedonie --- Republik Makedonie --- Ehemoligi Jugoslawischi Republik Mazedonie --- Mazedonie (Republic) --- Makedonie (Republic) --- Cynewīse Macedonia --- جمهورية مقدونيا --- Jumhūrīyat Maqdūniyā --- Republica de Macedonia --- Republica Machedonia --- Machedonia (Republic) --- Republica ali Machedonia --- Republica Ex-Iugoslavã ali Machedonia --- Rèpublica de Macèdonie --- Antigua República Yugoslava de Macedonia --- Ex República Yugoslava de Macedonia --- Masendoña (Republic) --- F.Y.R.O. Masendoña --- Makedoniya (Republic) --- Makedoniya Respublikası --- Keçmiş Yuqoslaviya Makedoniya Respublikası --- Makedonija Kiōng-hô-kok --- Рэспубліка Македонія --- Rėspublika Makedonii︠a︡ --- Македонія (Republic) --- Republika kan Masedonya --- Masedonya (Republic) --- Mazedonien (Republic) --- Makedonien (Republic) --- Republik Mazedonien --- Republik Makedonia --- Makedonia (Republic) --- Republik Yougoslaviat Kent Makedonia --- Република Македония --- Republika Makedonii︠a︡ --- Бивша югославска република Македония --- Bivsha i︠u︡goslavska republika Makedonii︠a︡ --- Exports and Imports --- Foreign Exchange --- Investments: Bonds --- Macroeconomics --- Emigration and Immigration --- Remittances --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Macroeconomics: Consumption --- Saving --- Wealth --- International Migration --- International economics --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Investment & securities --- Migration, immigration & emigration --- Outward remittances --- Real exchange rates --- Bonds --- Consumption --- Balance of payments --- Migration --- Population and demographics --- Financial institutions --- International finance --- Emigrant remittances --- Economics --- Emigration and immigration --- North Macedonia, Republic of

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This Selected Issues paper quantifies the short- and medium-term growth effects of major ongoing highway and railway projects in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. A standard neoclassical growth model is augmented with public capital to capture both demand and supply-side effects of public infrastructure investments. The calibrated model suggests that the four ongoing highway and railway investments of 2–3 percent of GDP annually for 2014–18 are likely to raise the growth rate of real GDP by 0.5 percentage points on average for each year in 2014–20. Enhancing public investment efficiency can increase growth effects up to 0.8 percentage points.

Macedonia (Republic) --- Economic conditions. --- Macedonia (Federated Republic, 1945- ) --- Narodna Republika Makedonija --- NRM --- Maqedonia (Republic) --- N.R.M. --- Makedonija (Republic) --- S.R. Makedonija --- Socijalistička Republika Makedonija --- SR Makedonija --- Socialist Republic of Macedonia --- Maḳedonyah (Republic) --- Makedonii︠a︡ (Republic) --- Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia --- F.Y.R.O.M. --- FYROM --- Macedonia, Former Yugoslav Republic of --- Republika Makedonija --- FYR Macedonia --- Republic of Macedonia --- Република Македонија --- Македонија (Republic) --- Masèdonia (Republic) --- Republiek van Masedonië --- Masedonië (Republic) --- Republik Mazedonie --- Republik Makedonie --- Ehemoligi Jugoslawischi Republik Mazedonie --- Mazedonie (Republic) --- Makedonie (Republic) --- Cynewīse Macedonia --- جمهورية مقدونيا --- Jumhūrīyat Maqdūniyā --- Republica de Macedonia --- Republica Machedonia --- Machedonia (Republic) --- Republica ali Machedonia --- Republica Ex-Iugoslavã ali Machedonia --- Rèpublica de Macèdonie --- Antigua República Yugoslava de Macedonia --- Ex República Yugoslava de Macedonia --- Masendoña (Republic) --- F.Y.R.O. Masendoña --- Makedoniya (Republic) --- Makedoniya Respublikası --- Keçmiş Yuqoslaviya Makedoniya Respublikası --- Makedonija Kiōng-hô-kok --- Рэспубліка Македонія --- Rėspublika Makedonii︠a︡ --- Македонія (Republic) --- Republika kan Masedonya --- Masedonya (Republic) --- Mazedonien (Republic) --- Makedonien (Republic) --- Republik Mazedonien --- Republik Makedonia --- Makedonia (Republic) --- Republik Yougoslaviat Kent Makedonia --- Република Македония --- Republika Makedonii︠a︡ --- Бивша югославска република Македония --- Bivsha i︠u︡goslavska republika Makedonii︠a︡ --- North Macedonia --- Exports and Imports --- Infrastructure --- Labor --- Public Finance --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: Infrastructures --- Other Public Investment and Capital Stock --- International Investment --- Long-term Capital Movements --- Investment --- Capital --- Intangible Capital --- Capacity --- Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities: General --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Public finance & taxation --- Finance --- Macroeconomics --- Labour --- income economics --- Foreign direct investment --- Public investment and public-private partnerships (PPP) --- Public investment spending --- Transportation --- Balance of payments --- Expenditure --- National accounts --- Investments, Foreign --- Public-private sector cooperation --- Public investments --- Saving and investment --- Debts, Public --- North Macedonia, Republic of --- Income economics

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This book is among the first - if not the first - to analyse an entire decade of debacles and successes from 1992 until 2002 as the Western powers agonized, bickered and finally successfully intervened in the Balkan conflicts that beset Bosnia, Kosovo and Macedonia.

327.5 --- 327.5 <497> --- Conflict management --- -Ethnic conflict --- -Intervention (International law) --- Peacekeeping forces --- Yugoslav War, 1991-1995 --- -#SBIB:327.5H11 --- #SBIB:327.7H32 --- 341.17 NATO --- War in former Yugoslavia, 1991-1995 --- Yugoslav Conflict, 1991-1995 --- Yugoslav Wars of Secession, 1991-1995 --- Yugoslav War Crime Trials, Hague, Netherlands, 1994 --- -Peacekeeping (Military science) --- Peacekeeping operations --- Armed Forces --- International police --- Peace-building --- Military intervention --- Diplomacy --- International law --- Neutrality --- Conflict, Ethnic --- Ethnic violence --- Inter-ethnic conflict --- Interethnic conflict --- Ethnic relations --- Social conflict --- Conflict control --- Conflict resolution --- Dispute settlement --- Management of conflict --- Managing conflict --- Management --- Negotiation --- Problem solving --- Crisis management --- 327.5 <497> Internationale conflicten. Internationale spanningen. Internationale blokvorming. Veiligheidspolitiek--Balkanstaten --- Internationale conflicten. Internationale spanningen. Internationale blokvorming. Veiligheidspolitiek--Balkanstaten --- 327.5 Internationale conflicten. Internationale spanningen. Internationale blokvorming. Veiligheidspolitiek--NATO --- Internationale conflicten. Internationale spanningen. Internationale blokvorming. Veiligheidspolitiek--NATO --- Participation, Foreign --- Collectieve veiligheid --- Bondgenootschappen: NAVO / NATO --- North Atlantic Treaty Organization --- North Atlantic treaty organisation --- NAVO --- OTAN --- Balkan Peninsula --- -Macedonia (Republic) --- Kosovo (Serbia) --- -Balkan States --- Balkans --- Europe, Southeastern --- Southeastern Europe --- Socijalistička Autonomna Pokrajina Kosovo --- Krahina Socialiste Autonome e Kosovës --- Kosova (Serbia) --- Kossovo (Serbia) --- Kosovo i Metohija (Serbia) --- Kosovo (Republic) --- Macedonia (Federated Republic, 1945- ) --- Narodna Republika Makedonija --- NRM --- Maqedonia (Republic) --- N.R.M. --- Makedonija (Republic) --- S.R. Makedonija --- Socijalistička Republika Makedonija --- SR Makedonija --- Socialist Republic of Macedonia --- Maḳedonyah (Republic) --- Makedonii︠a︡ (Republic) --- Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia --- F.Y.R.O.M. --- FYROM --- Macedonia, Former Yugoslav Republic of --- Republika Makedonija --- FYR Macedonia --- Republic of Macedonia --- Република Македонија --- Македонија (Republic) --- Masèdonia (Republic) --- Republiek van Masedonië --- Masedonië (Republic) --- Republik Mazedonie --- Republik Makedonie --- Ehemoligi Jugoslawischi Republik Mazedonie --- Mazedonie (Republic) --- Makedonie (Republic) --- Cynewīse Macedonia --- جمهورية مقدونيا --- Jumhūrīyat Maqdūniyā --- Republica de Macedonia --- Republica Machedonia --- Machedonia (Republic) --- Republica ali Machedonia --- Republica Ex-Iugoslavã ali Machedonia --- Rèpublica de Macèdonie --- Antigua República Yugoslava de Macedonia --- Ex República Yugoslava de Macedonia --- Masendoña (Republic) --- F.Y.R.O. Masendoña --- Makedoniya (Republic) --- Makedoniya Respublikası --- Keçmiş Yuqoslaviya Makedoniya Respublikası --- Makedonija Kiōng-hô-kok --- Рэспубліка Македонія --- Rėspublika Makedonii︠a︡ --- Македонія (Republic) --- Republika kan Masedonya --- Masedonya (Republic) --- Mazedonien (Republic) --- Makedonien (Republic) --- Republik Mazedonien --- Republik Makedonia --- Makedonia (Republic) --- Republik Yougoslaviat Kent Makedonia --- Република Македония --- Republika Makedonii︠a︡ --- Бивша югославска република Македония --- Bivsha i︠u︡goslavska republika Makedonii︠a︡ --- North Macedonia --- History --- -Politics and government --- -History --- -Conflict management --- Ethnic conflict --- Intervention (International law). --- Kosovo War, 1998-1999. --- Participation, Foreign. --- Macedonia (Republic) --- Politics and government --- Kosovo War, 1998-1999 --- Intervention (International law) --- Guerre dans l'ex-Yougoslavie, 1991-1995 --- Guerre du Kosovo, 1998-1999 --- Maintien de la paix --- Conflits ethniques --- Gestion des conflits --- Intervention (Droit international) --- Macédoine (République) --- Politique et gouvernement