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Consumers --- Central business districts --- -Central business districts --- -Consumers --- -Activities districts, Central --- Business districts, Central --- CBDs (Central business districts) --- Centers, City (Central business districts) --- Central activities districts --- City centers (Central business districts) --- City centres (Central business districts) --- Districts, Central activities --- Districts, Central business --- Districts, Downtown --- Downtown districts --- Downtowns --- City planning --- Retail trade --- Customers (Consumers) --- Shoppers --- Persons --- Case studies --- -Case studies --- Activities districts, Central

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In urban analytics, ‘crowding’ implies the spatiotemporal distributional unevenness of people’s stays and flows in middle-scale urban spaces, and has since become an emerging keyword, attracting not only practical interests but also research interests, especially in the current IoT devised downtown. This book presents a collection of papers on a series of exploratory studies on the rise and fall of downtowns (Downtown Dynamics), which the author’s group has been working on with the aim of constructing an artificial society that contributes to the planning and management of crowds by developing Agent-Based Social Simulation (ABSS). In particular, the book includes (1) an analysis of 20 years’ worth of survey data on visitors’ shopping-around behavior for Osu district in Nagoya city, as a representative Japanese downtown, (2) correlation analyses of spatial distributions between Visibility Graph Analysis (VGA) as a “visibility index” and crowding in middle scale urban spaces, (3) agent modeling of visitors’ shopping-around behavior and construction of the Downtown Dynamics Model as an artificial society, and (4) modeling of the vision-driven agent as a “crowd generator” and its applicability to spatial design and sign layout in urban spaces. The book also includes a novel research program derived from complexity system science that provides new approaches to Agent-Based Modeling (ABM), social simulation, regional sciences, geo-informatics, and urban planning studies for researchers and graduate students, as well as planning scientists and practitioners such as town managers and planners who are concerned with downtown revitalization. .

Central business districts. --- Activities districts, Central --- Business districts, Central --- CBDs (Central business districts) --- Centers, City (Central business districts) --- Central activities districts --- City centers (Central business districts) --- City centres (Central business districts) --- Districts, Central activities --- Districts, Central business --- Districts, Downtown --- Downtown districts --- Downtowns --- City planning --- Retail trade --- Regional economics. --- Spatial economics. --- Economic theory. --- Business. --- Management science. --- Regional/Spatial Science. --- Economic Theory/Quantitative Economics/Mathematical Methods. --- Business and Management, general. --- Quantitative business analysis --- Management --- Problem solving --- Operations research --- Statistical decision --- Trade --- Economics --- Commerce --- Industrial management --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Social sciences --- Economic man --- Spatial economics --- Regional economics --- Regional planning --- Regionalism --- Space in economics

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This book presents an overview of the challenges that cities in Latin America and Asia are facing regarding the preservation of their tangible and intangible heritage. It argues that urban heritage has a value that transcends the mere object’s value, constituting a crucial source of identity for urban inhabitants. The same is true for the urban intangible values and practices that are often associated with places or buildings. The empirical research is based on case studies of Kathmandu in Nepal, Yogyakarta in Indonesia and Recife in Brazil; three cities that still comprise core areas with a high percentage of historic fabric and distinctive cultural expressions. The comparative study of the three areas reveals the similarities and differences of urban conservation policies, past and present upgrading strategies in the core areas, and the importance of tangible and intangible heritage. All three cities demonstrate that urban heritage, habits and beliefs are still of importance to the population. While there are significant differences in the kind and level of protection the respective legal system provides, partly uncontrolled urban dynamics pose a threat to all of them. The text is based on a PhD thesis submitted to the Institute of Geography, University of Innsbruck, Austria. .

Cultural heritage. --- Urban Geography / Urbanism (inc. megacities, cities, towns). --- Cultural Heritage. --- Urban History. --- Activities districts, Central --- Business districts, Central --- CBDs (Central business districts) --- Centers, City (Central business districts) --- Central activities districts --- City centers (Central business districts) --- City centres (Central business districts) --- Districts, Central activities --- Districts, Central business --- Districts, Downtown --- Downtown districts --- Downtowns --- Geography. --- Cities and towns --- Urban geography. --- Sustainable development. --- Human geography. --- Human Geography. --- Sustainable Development. --- History. --- Central business districts --- City planning --- Retail trade --- Cities and towns-History. --- Development, Sustainable --- Ecologically sustainable development --- Economic development, Sustainable --- Economic sustainability --- ESD (Ecologically sustainable development) --- Smart growth --- Sustainable development --- Sustainable economic development --- Economic development --- Anthropo-geography --- Anthropogeography --- Geographical distribution of humans --- Social geography --- Anthropology --- Geography --- Human ecology --- Cultural heritage --- Cultural patrimony --- Cultural resources --- Heritage property --- National heritage --- National patrimony --- National treasure --- Patrimony, Cultural --- Treasure, National --- Property --- World Heritage areas --- Environmental aspects --- Cities and towns—History. --- Sociology, Urban. --- Cultural property. --- Sustainability. --- Urban Sociology. --- Sustainability science --- Social ecology --- Urban sociology

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Located within a long tradition of urban ethnography, this book offers analyses of social control in bars and clubs, courtroom battles between local communities and the drinks industry, and street-level policing. It is useful for those wishing to understand the governance of crime and social order in contemporary cities.

Sociology, Urban --- Central business districts --- Bars (Drinking establishments) --- Public spaces --- Binge drinking --- Drinking of alcoholic beverages --- Social control --- Communities - Urban Groups --- Sociology & Social History --- Social Sciences --- Law and legislation --- Social aspects --- Government policy --- Great Britain --- Social life and customs. --- Urban sociology --- Cities and towns --- Social conflict --- Sociology --- Liberty --- Pressure groups --- Alcohol consumption --- Alcohol drinking --- Alcohol use --- Alcoholic beverage consumption --- Consumption of alcoholic beverages --- Drinking problem --- Liquor problem --- Social drinking --- Alcoholic beverages --- Alcoholism --- Temperance --- Public places --- Social areas --- Urban public spaces --- Urban spaces --- Ale-houses --- Cafés --- Dive bars (Drinking establishments) --- Dives (Drinking establishments) --- Dramshops --- Drinking establishments --- Hotels, taverns, etc. --- Public houses --- Pubs --- Saloons --- Shebeens --- Taverns (Drinking establishments) --- Hospitality industry --- Happy hours --- Activities districts, Central --- Business districts, Central --- CBDs (Central business districts) --- Centers, City (Central business districts) --- Central activities districts --- City centers (Central business districts) --- City centres (Central business districts) --- Districts, Central activities --- Districts, Central business --- Districts, Downtown --- Downtown districts --- Downtowns --- City planning --- Retail trade