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Employing a technological solution to monitor the attendance of public-sector health care workers in India resulted in a 15 percent increase in the attendance of the medical staff. Health outcomes improved, with a 16 percent increase in the delivery of infants by a doctor and a 26 percent reduction in the likelihood of infants born under 2500 grams. However, women in treatment areas substituted away from the newly monitored health centers towards delivery in the (unmonitored) larger public hospitals and private hospitals. Several explanations may help explain this shift: better triage by the more present health care staff; increased patients' perception of absenteeism in the treatment health centers; and the ability of staff in treatment areas to gain additional rents by moving women to their private practices and by siphoning off the state-sponsored entitlements that women would normally receive at the health center at the time of delivery. Despite initiating the reform on their own, there was a low demand among all levels of government-state officials, local level bureaucrats, and locally-elected bodies--to use the better quality attendance data to enforce the government's human resource policies due to a fear of generating discord among the staff. These fears were not entirely unfounded: staff at the treatment health centers expressed greater dissatisfaction at their jobs and it was also harder to hire new nurses, lab technicians and pharmacists at the treatment health centers after the intervention. Thus, this illustrates the implicit deal that governments make on non-monetary dimensions--truancy, allowance of private practices--to retain staff at rural outposts in the face of limited budgets and staff shortages.

Economic Development --- Development Planning and Policy --- Institutions and Growth

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public policy --- social development --- Political planning --- Social planning --- Social development planning --- Planning --- Planning in politics --- Public policy --- Policy sciences --- Politics, Practical --- Public administration --- Political planning. --- Social planning.

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Regional planning --- Economic policy. --- Regional planning. --- Social policy. --- PLANIFICACION REGIONAL --- DEVELOPMENT PLANNING. --- ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT. --- LATIN AMERICA. --- PUBLICACIONES PERIODICAS. --- Latin America --- Latin America. --- Economic policy --- Social policy

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OECD's Territorial Review of Canada. It finds that Canada is composed of three macroregions: a southern ribbon with all the important metropolitan areas, a zone of rural and non-metropolitan adjacent regions and a sub-continent of remote northern territories. Disparities between these macroregions persist and may even be growing. Opportunities for growth are  lost because of these imbalances and also because specific regional advantages are not fully tapped. In many regions, weak local governance is hindering the emergence of local grass-roots projects, diffusion of R&D results to SMEs is slow and dialogue between higher education institutions and firms is poor. This report underlines the need for federal agencies and sectoral departments to continuously assess the consistency of their policies with regard to the three macroregions in order to enhance territorial cohesion and better tailor programmes to local conditions. More federal involvement in metropolitan issues notably through negotiated planning could help to institutionalise and strengthen urban policies. This report also emphasises the significant overhauling of rural policies that took place recently. It underlines that in certain areas such as amenities a strategic approach is still to be defined. Resolving governance issues is a priority in the north.

Canada -- Economic conditions -- 1991-. --- ocial planning --Canada. --- Social planning --Canada. --- Sustainable development -- Canada. --- Sustainable development --- Social planning --- Business & Economics --- Economic History --- Social development planning --- Planning --- Economic history. --- Canada --- Economic conditions --- Economic policy. --- History, Economic --- Economics

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Nella grande sfida per l’integrazione, le città europee sono in prima fila. La popolazione straniera nelle città è in costante aumento e già oggi supera il 30% a Berlino, Vienna e Londra. Le amministrazioni locali giocano dunque un ruolo sempre più importante nel gestire un’integrazione sempre più complessa. Integrare gli stranieri richiede infatti l’impegno di coordinamento di politiche che riguardano ambiti molto diversi: prima accoglienza, istruzione, mercato del lavoro, servizi sanitari, contrasto alla segregazione. Questo volume affronta il tema della crescente diversità urbana tentando di dare una risposta ad alcune questioni cruciali: a quali problemi vanno incontro le città nell’affrontare la sfida dell’integrazione? Come si possono valorizzare le esperienze di successo? E in che modo è possibile migliorare il dialogo tra le città, le regioni, i governi nazionali e le istituzioni europee?

Social integration --- Social planning --- Urban policy --- Cities and state --- Urban problems --- City and town life --- Economic policy --- Social policy --- Sociology, Urban --- City planning --- Urban renewal --- Social development planning --- Planning