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The book Cytotoxicity is aimed to be an essential reading to all medical students, biologists, biochemists and professionals involved in the field of toxicology. This book is a useful and ideal guide for novice researchers interested in learning research methods to study cytotoxic bioactive compounds. The parts of this book describe the replacement and different applications of the cytotoxic agents. All chapters are written by paramount experts in cytotoxicity research. This will hopefully stimulate more research initiatives, funding, and critical insight into the already increasing demand for cytotoxicity researches that have been evidenced worldwide.

Toxicology. --- Cytotoxicity. --- Chemicals --- Medicine --- Pharmacology --- Poisoning --- Poisons --- Toxicology --- Antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity. --- ADCC (Immunology) --- Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity --- Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity --- Cytotoxicity, Antibody-dependent cell --- Macrophage cell killing --- Null cell killing --- Cellular immunity --- Killer cells --- Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science --- Medical Toxicology --- Health Sciences

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Natural Killer (NK) cells are large granular lymphocytes of the innate immune system. They are widespread throughout the body, being present in both lymphoid organs and non-lymphoid peripheral tissues. NK cells are involved in direct innate immune reactions against viruses, bacteria, parasites and other triggers of pathology, such as malignant transformation, all of which cause stress in affected cells. Importantly, NK cells also link the innate and adaptive immune responses, contributing to the initiation of adaptive immune responses and executing adaptive responses using the CD16 FcgRIIIA immunoglobulin Fc receptor. Such responses are mediated through two major effector functions, the direct cytolysis of target cells and the production of cytokines and chemokines. The authors focus here on the nature of recognition events by NK cells and address how these events are integrated to trigger these distinct and graded effector functions.

Medicine. --- Immunology. --- Biomedicine. --- Immunobiology --- Life sciences --- Serology --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Killer cells. --- Lymphocytes. --- Cell receptors. --- Cell-mediated cytotoxicity. --- Cytotoxicity, Cell-mediated --- Cell death --- Killer cells --- Cell membrane receptors --- Cell surface receptors --- Receptors, Cell --- Binding sites (Biochemistry) --- Cell membranes --- Proteins --- Nongranular leucocytes --- Leucocytes --- K cells --- Natural killer cells --- NK cells --- Immunocompetent cells --- Cell-mediated cytotoxicity

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The book Natural Killer Cells is the result of a collective work that addresses in a clear and comprehensive way for readers and through as many sensuous details as possible, the most and various fundamental aspects of natural killer cells, as well as their clinical applications in cancer immunotherapy. This book will serve as an invaluable resource and pedagogical support for clinicians, researchers, basic scientists, immunology and immunopathology lecturers, as well as for students in biology and medicine, especially the ones with an advanced understanding of immunology.

Killer cells. --- K cells --- Natural killer cells --- NK cells --- Immunocompetent cells --- Cell-mediated cytotoxicity --- Life Sciences --- Immunology and Microbiology --- Cancer Immunology --- Pure Immunology

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The existence of a unique kind of immune cell – the killer lymphocyt- which destroys other cells in a highly specific manner, has fascinated immunologists for almost half a century. How do these cells, whose precursors have lived in communal harmony with their host, decide that some of their cohabitants must die? And how do they kill them? The definition of killer lymphocytes came from discovery of their roles in a wide range of in vivo phenomena such as transplant rejection, virus infection and its related immunopathologies, and anti-tumor responses. Yet for the most part almost everything we know about these cells has come from studying them in vitro. They have yielded their secrets slowly and reluctantly. To understand fully how they work, geneticists and immunologists had to unravel the major histocompatibility systems of vertebrates, a long and torturous road that provided some of the darkest hours of immunology. The search for antigen-sensing receptors on both T cells and NK cells was scarcely less frustrating. And the holy grail of ce- mediated cytotoxicity – defining the mechanism by which killer cells take down their adversaries – sorely tested the ingenuity, patience and mutual good will of laboratories around the world. These questions have now largely been answered. But do we really understand these cells? We can tame them to a large degree in transplant rejection. It may yet turn out that we can harness their immunotherapeutic potential in treating viral and malignant disease.

Killer cells. --- Lymphocytes. --- Nongranular leucocytes --- Leucocytes --- K cells --- Natural killer cells --- NK cells --- Immunocompetent cells --- Cell-mediated cytotoxicity --- Immunologie --- Lymfocyten --- Immunology. --- Oncology. --- Medical virology. --- Microbiology. --- Bacteriology. --- Hematology. --- Cancer Research. --- Virology. --- Haematology --- Internal medicine --- Blood --- Microbiology --- Microbial biology --- Biology --- Microorganisms --- Medical microbiology --- Virology --- Virus diseases --- Tumors --- Immunobiology --- Life sciences --- Serology --- Diseases --- Cancer research. --- Cancer research