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Spanish language --- Grammar --- Clitics. --- Castilian language --- Romance languages --- Clitics --- Espagnol (Langue) --- Voice --- Verb --- Voix --- Verbe --- Spanish language - Clitics.
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In most languages we find 'little words' which resemble a full word, but which cannot stand on their own. Instead they have to 'lean on' a neighbouring word, like the 'd, 've and unstressed 'em of Kim'd've helped'em ('Kim would have helped them'). These are clitics, and they are found in most of the world's languages. In English the clitic forms appear in the same place in the sentence that the full form of the word would appear in but in many languages clitics obey quite separate rules of placement. This book is the first introduction to clitics, providing a complete summary of their properties, their uses, the reasons why they are of interest to linguists and the various theoretical approaches that have been proposed for them. The book describes a whole host of clitic systems and presents data from over 100 languages.
Grammar --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Clitiques --- Clitics. --- Clitics --- Clitics (Grammar) --- Accents and accentuation --- Tagmemics --- English language --- Arts and Humanities --- Language & Linguistics --- Linguistics --- Philology --- Grammar, Comparative and general - Clitics --- Grammaire comparée --- Grammaire comparée
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This book is concerned with a number of central issues in the theory of clitics, a topic that has become much debated in recent years. Mainly written within a recent generative framework, its contrastive approach discusses these issues against the background of a number of European languages, among which the Balkan Slavic languages figure prominently. The question as to whether clitics are to be located in the syntax or in the phonology or in both is addressed in articles by Bokovič, Progovac and Franks, who also provides a thorough introductory essay to the volume. There are detailed studies on clitic behavior in Greek relative clauses (Alexiadou and Anagnostopolou), Bulgarian and English DPs (Dimitrova-Vulchanova), the various Romance languages (Franco), Slovene (Golden and Milojevič Sheppard), Albanian and Greek (Kallulli) and Macedonian (Tomič). Finally, the book contains a discourse-related description of clitic doubling in Balkan Slavic languages (Schick). The book should be of interest to any scholar, theoretical or descriptive, whose research touches upon the central phenomenon of cliticisation.
Grammar --- Philology & Linguistics --- Languages & Literatures --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Clitiques --- Clitics --- Congresses --- Congrès --- Europe --- Languages --- Langues --- Clitics.
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Spanish language --- Espagnol (Langue) --- Clitics --- Clitiques --- Clitische elementen. --- Spaans. --- Clitics. --- Grammar, Historical. --- Pronoun. --- Castilian language --- Romance languages --- Grammar, Historical --- Pronoun
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After reviewing, from a grammaticalization perspective, the main stages in the evolution of Italian object clitic pronouns, the book discusses the distinctive morphosyntactic, semantic, and pragmatic features of Italian clitics. In particular, the book offers an original study of the most common examples of so-called verbi procomplementari, verbs which are characterized by the incorporation of clitics that no longer function as pronouns, and which are widely used in present-day Italian. Their emergence involves both grammaticalization of the clitic pronoun into an obligatory element, and lexicalization of the verb+clitic sequence. This study is essentially descriptive and maximally data-driven. The discussion of grammaticalization and lexicalization is reduced to the essentials and aims primarily at defining how these terms, which have received different and at times divergent interpretations, are employed in the book. The book is accessible to a wide and varied readership, which includes Italian and Romance linguists of functional and formal orientation, Italian language scholars, grammaticalization scholars interested in new case studies, as well as students of language change and variation.
Italian language --- Grammar --- Italien (Langue) --- Clitics. --- Clitiques --- Clitische elementen. --- Italiaans. --- Italian language. --- Romance Languages --- Languages & Literatures --- Clitics --- Romance languages --- Italian (language). --- grammaticalization. --- language change.
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Grammar, Comparative and general --- -Grammar, Comparative and general --- -Comparative grammar --- Grammar --- Grammar, Philosophical --- Grammar, Universal --- Language and languages --- Philosophical grammar --- Linguistics --- Philology --- Clitics --- Pronoun --- Syntax --- Grammar, Comparative --- Clitiques --- Pronom --- Clitics. --- Pronoun. --- Syntax. --- Pronouns --- Clitics (Grammar) --- Accents and accentuation --- Tagmemics --- Function words --- Nominals --- Reflexives --- Syntaxe --- Grammar, Comparative and general - Clitics --- Grammar, Comparative and general - Pronoun --- Grammar, Comparative and general - Syntax --- Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax
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This book represents an attempt to create a "grammar" of the Portuguese clitics, that is to illustrate their rules and particularities, to provide them with a description and to supply – through the exposition and application of a few simple principles – an explanation of the problem of their position in the sentence. Considerable attention has recently been devoted to the Romance clitics, among which the Portuguese occupy a role of undisputed prominence on account of their objectively peculiar nature. This study, based on the observation of the written literary language, analyses the phenomenon through a synchronic, diachronic and comparative approach to European and Brazilian Portuguese. What emerges is the proposal of a typological interpretation of the clitic pronouns, and the Portuguese clitic pronoun system, as a multiform phenomenon that cannot be reduced to a single model.
Portuguese language --- Clitics. --- Romance languages --- Linguistica --- Filologia romanza --- Lingua portoghese --- Pronomi clitici
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Finnish language --- Finnish language --- Finnois (Langue) --- Finnois (Langue) --- Clitics --- Particles --- Clitiques --- Particules
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The introduction to this volume by Anders Holmberg provides a reflection on movement in the light of recent developments in Minimalist theory. His discussion of the theories of category versus feature movement in terms of displacement and copying, provides the background for 12 papers dealing with clitics, pronouns and movement in variety of language families. Articles on Romance include papers on the genitive clitic in Andean Spanish, proclitic groups and word order in Caribbean Spanish, overt pronouns and empty categories in Brazilian Portuguese, the clitic en in Catalan, and clitic d
Grammar --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Clitiques --- Pronom --- Ordre des mots --- Clitics --- Congresses --- Pronoun --- Word order --- Congrès --- Linguistics --- Philology
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Spanish language --- Clitics --- Verb --- Determiners --- Clitics. --- Determiners. --- Verb. --- Lexicology. Semantics --- Grammar --- -Spanish language --- -806.0-56 --- 806.0-56 Spaans: syntaxis semantiek --- Spaans: syntaxis semantiek --- Castilian language --- Romance languages --- Espagnol (Langue) --- Syntax --- Semantics --- Clitiques --- Verbe --- Déterminants --- Syntaxe --- Sémantique --- 806.0-56 Spaans: syntaxis; semantiek --- Spaans: syntaxis; semantiek --- 806.0-56 --- Spanish language - Clitics --- Spanish language - Verb --- Spanish language - Determiners
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