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Groundwater recharge --- Groundwater --- Oxidation-reduction reaction --- Carbon content

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Soils --- Soil management. --- Carbon content. --- Soil science --- Agronomy --- Carbon --- Management --- Captura i emmagatzematge de diòxid de carboni --- Cicle del carboni (Biogeoquímica) --- Estats Units d'Amèrica

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This book is a product of the joint JGOFS (Joint Global Ocean Flux Study)/LOICZ (Land–Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone) Continental Margins Task Team which was established to facilitate continental margins research in the two projects. It contains signi cant information on the physical, biogeochemical, and ecosystems of continental margins nationally and regionally and provides a very valuable synthesis of this information and the physical, biogeochemical and ecosystem processes which occur on continental margins. The publication of this book is timely as it provides a very strong foundation for the development of the joint IMBER (Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecosystems Research)/LOICZ Science Plan and Implemen- tion Strategy for biogeochemical and ecosystems research in the continental margins and the impacts of global change on these systems. This initiative will move forward integrated biogeochemical and ecosystems research in the continental margins. We thank all the contributors to this volume and especially Kon-Kee Liu who has dedicated a great deal of time to ensuring a high-quality book is published. IMBER Scienti c Steering Committee Julie Hall LOICZ Scienti c Steering Committee Jozef Pacyna v 1 Preface In general, interfaces between the Earth’s larger material reservoirs (i. e. , the land, atmosphere, ocean, and sediments) are important in the control of the biogeoche- cal dynamics and cycling of the major bio-essential elements, including carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), and silicon (Si), found in organic matter and the inorganic skeletons, shells, and tests of benthic and marine organisms.

Continental margins -- Carbon content. --- Continental margins -- Environmental conditions. --- Nutrient cycles. --- Ocean-atmosphere interaction. --- Continental margins --- Nutrient cycles --- Ocean-atmosphere interaction --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Marine Science --- Environmental conditions --- Carbon content --- Carbon content. --- Environmental conditions. --- Air-sea interaction --- Air-sea interactions --- Atmosphere-ocean interaction --- Atmosphere-ocean interactions --- Atmospheric-oceanic interactions --- Interaction of atmosphere and ocean --- Interactions of atmosphere and ocean --- Ocean-meteorological relations --- Oceanic-atmospheric interactions --- Sea-air interaction --- Sea-air interactions --- Nutrient cycling --- Margins, Continental --- Earth sciences. --- Geochemistry. --- Oceanography. --- Geoecology. --- Environmental geology. --- Earth Sciences. --- Geoecology/Natural Processes. --- Geoecology --- Environmental protection --- Physical geology --- Oceanography, Physical --- Oceanology --- Physical oceanography --- Thalassography --- Earth sciences --- Marine sciences --- Ocean --- Chemical composition of the earth --- Chemical geology --- Geological chemistry --- Geology, Chemical --- Chemistry --- Geosciences --- Environmental sciences --- Physical sciences --- Marine meteorology --- Oceanography --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Biogeochemical cycles --- Food chains (Ecology) --- Submarine topography --- Ecology. --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Population biology --- Ecology

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There is growing clamor in industrial countries for additional border taxes on imports from countries with lower carbon prices. The authors confirm the findings of other research that unilateral emissions cuts by industrial countries will have minimal carbon leakage effects. However, output and exports of energy-intensive manufactures are projected to decline potentially creating pressure for trade action. A key factor affecting the impact of any border taxes is whether they are based on the carbon content of imports or the carbon content in domestic production. Their quantitative estimates suggest that the former action when applied to all merchandise imports would address competitiveness and environmental concerns in high income countries but with serious consequences for trading partners. For example, China's manufacturing exports would decline by one-fifth and those of all low and middle income countries by 8 per cent; the corresponding declines in real income would be 3.7 per cent and 2.4 per century Border tax adjustment based on the carbon content in domestic production, especially if applied to both imports and exports, would broadly address the competitiveness concerns of producers in high income countries and less seriously damage developing country trade.

Aluminum --- Carbon --- Carbon content --- Carbon emissions --- Carbon leakage --- Carbon price --- Carbon prices --- Carbon tax --- Carbon taxes --- Climate --- Climate Change --- Climate Change Economics --- Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases --- Domestic emissions --- Emission --- Emission allowances --- Emission reductions --- Emissions --- Emissions cuts --- Emissions reductions --- Energy --- Environment --- Iron --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Quantitative analysis

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Photophysics of Carbon Nanotubes Interfaced with Organic and Inorganic Materials describes physical, optical and spectroscopic properties of the emerging class of nanocomposites formed from carbon nanotubes (CNTs)  interfacing with organic and inorganic materials. The three main chapters detail novel trends in  photophysics related to the interaction of  light with various carbon nanotube composites from relatively simple CNT/small molecule assemblies to complex hybrids such as CNT/Si and CNT/DNA nanostructures.   The latest experimental results are followed up with detailed discussions and scientific and technological perspectives to provide a through coverage of major topics including: ·   Light harvesting, energy conversion, photoinduced charge separation  and transport  in CNT based nanohybrids · CNT/polymer composites exhibiting photoactuation; and ·         Optical  spectroscopy  and structure of CNT/DNA complexes. Including original data and a short review of recent research, Photophysics of Carbon Nanotubes Interfaced with Organic and Inorganic Materials makes this emerging field of photophysics and its applications available to academics and professionals working with carbon nanotube composites in fundamental and applied fields.

Carbon. --- Nanostructured materials. --- Nanotubes. --- Nanotubes --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Chemical & Materials Engineering --- Materials Science --- Technology - General --- Carbon content --- Optical properties --- Photochemistry. --- Carbon content. --- Light --- Photolysis (Chemistry) --- Chemical action --- Engineering. --- Nanochemistry. --- Spectroscopy. --- Microscopy. --- Nanotechnology. --- Optical materials. --- Electronic materials. --- Nanotechnology and Microengineering. --- Spectroscopy and Microscopy. --- Optical and Electronic Materials. --- Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices. --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Nanostructured materials --- Tubes --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Optics --- Materials --- Nanoscale chemistry --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Nanoscience --- Molecular technology --- Nanoscale technology --- High technology --- Analytical chemistry --- Lasers. --- Photonics. --- Analysis, Microscopic --- Light microscopy --- Micrographic analysis --- Microscope and microscopy --- Microscopic analysis --- Optical microscopy --- Analysis, Spectrum --- Spectra --- Spectrochemical analysis --- Spectrochemistry --- Spectrometry --- Spectroscopy --- Interferometry --- Radiation --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Absorption spectra --- Spectroscope --- Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation --- Masers, Optical --- Optical masers --- Light amplifiers --- Light sources --- Optoelectronic devices --- Nonlinear optics --- Optical parametric oscillators --- New optics --- Electronic materials --- Qualitative --- Optics, Optoelectronics, Plasmonics and Optical Devices.