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The use of copper, silver, gold and platinum in jewelry as a measure of wealth is well known. This book contains 19 chapters written by international authors on other uses and applications of noble and precious metals (copper, silver, gold, platinum, palladium, iridium, osmium, rhodium, ruthenium, and rhenium). The topics covered include surface-enhanced Raman scattering, quantum dots, synthesis and properties of nanostructures, and its applications in the diverse fields such as high-tech engineering, nanotechnology, catalysis, and biomedical applications. The basis for these applications is their high-free electron concentrations combined with high-temperature stability and corrosion resistance and methods developed for synthesizing nanostructures. Recent developments in all these areas with up-to-date references are emphasized.

Precious metals. --- Bullion --- Noble metals --- Metals --- Mines and mineral resources --- Physical Sciences --- Engineering and Technology --- Materials Science --- Metals and Nonmetals

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Gems --- Precious metals --- Symbolism --- Social status --- Gemmes --- Métaux précieux --- Symbolisme --- Statut social --- Representation, Symbolic --- Symbolic representation --- Mythology --- Emblems --- Signs and symbols --- Social standing --- Socio-economic status --- Socioeconomic status --- Standing, Social --- Status, Social --- Power (Social sciences) --- Prestige --- Bullion --- Noble metals --- Metals --- Mines and mineral resources --- Jewels --- Decoration and ornament --- Cameos --- Glyptics --- Intaglios --- Precious stones --- Gems. --- Precious metals. --- Social status. --- Symbolism. --- kunstgeschiedenis --- gemmologie --- art history --- symbols --- edelsmeedkunst --- Applied arts. Arts and crafts --- symbolen --- gemology --- Métaux précieux

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Based on 19 high-quality articles, this Special Issue presents methods for further improving the currently achievable recycling rate, product quality in terms of focused elements, and approaches for the enhanced mobilization of lithium, graphite, and electrolyte components. In particular, the target of early-stage Li removal is a central point of various research approaches in the world, which has been reported, for example, under the names early-stage lithium recovery (ESLR process) with or without gaseous CO2 and supercritical CO2 leaching (COOL process). Furthermore, many more approaches are present in this Special Issue, ranging from robotic disassembly and the dismantling of Li‐ion batteries, or the optimization of various pyro‐ and hydrometallurgical as well as combined battery recycling processes for the treatment of conventional Li‐ion batteries, all the way to an evaluation of the recycling on an industrial level. In addition to the consideration of Li distribution in compounds of a Li2O-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-CaO system, Li recovery from battery slags is also discussed. The development of suitable recycling strategies of six new battery systems, such as all-solid-state batteries, but also lithium–sulfur batteries, is also taken into account here. Some of the articles also discuss the fact that battery recycling processes do not have to produce end products such as high-purity battery materials, but that the aim should be to find an “entry point” into existing, proven large-scale industrial processes. Participants in this Special Issue originate from 18 research institutions from eight countries.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- Mining technology & engineering --- lead-acid battery recycling --- pyrite cinder treatment --- lead bullion --- sulfide matte --- SO2 emissions --- pilot plant --- environmental technologies --- waste treatment --- recycling --- spent lithium-ion batteries --- recycling chain --- process stages --- unit processes --- industrial recycling technologies --- mechanical treatment --- slag cleaning --- cobalt --- nickel --- manganese --- lithium-ion battery --- circular economy --- batteries --- reuse --- disassembly --- safety --- lithium minerals --- lithium slag characterization --- thermochemical modeling --- critical raw materials --- smelting --- lithium --- graphite --- mechanical processing --- pyrometallurgy --- thermal treatment --- pyrolysis --- hydrometallurgy --- precipitation --- oxalic acid --- mixed oxalate --- battery recycling --- lithium–sulfur batteries --- metallurgical recycling --- metal recovery --- recycling efficiency --- lithium-ion batteries --- all-solid-state batteries --- slag --- leaching --- dry digestion --- fractionation --- tubular centrifuge --- rotational speed control --- particle size analysis --- lithium iron phosphate --- LFP --- carbon black --- direct battery recycling --- recovery --- thermodynamic modeling --- engineered artificial minerals (EnAM) --- melt experiments --- PXRD --- EPMA --- manganese recovery --- solvent extraction --- D2EHPA --- factorial design of experiments --- lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) --- lithium removal --- phosphorous removal --- recovery of valuable metals --- carbonation --- lithium phase transformation --- autoclave --- supercritical CO2 --- X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) --- powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) --- electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) --- lithium recycling --- lithium batteries --- black mass --- LIB --- mechanical recycling processes --- battery generation --- solid state batteries --- robotic disassembly --- electric vehicle battery --- task planner --- n/a --- lithium-sulfur batteries