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International conventions designed to combat global environmental problems -- known as Multilateral Environmental Agreements or MEAs -- often use trade measures, among other instruments. But in fact the term trade measures covers a variety of provisions, ranging from simple reporting requirements of transboundary movements to the use of trade sanctions imposed to change a country’s environmental behaviour. MEA use of trade measures has not been without controversy in both trade policy and environment policy circles. In order to try and disentangle the various strands of this important set of trade and environment issues, the OECD Joint Session of Trade and Environment Experts focused on the actual experience with the use of trade measures in three universally subscribed MEAs -- CITES (on endangered species), the Montreal Protocol (on ozone layer depleting substances) and the Basel Convention (on hazardous wastes). Whilst the case studies unsurprisingly reveal varying experiences, common issues and main themes, as well as a series of lessons learned, could nonetheless be drawn together from the case study analyses and have been assembled in the concluding chapter of this volume.

Trade --- Environment --- Commercial treaties --- International trade --- International Commerce --- Commerce --- Business & Economics --- Environmental aspects --- International cooperation --- External trade --- Foreign commerce --- Foreign trade --- Global commerce --- Global trade --- Trade, International --- World trade --- Trade agreements (Commerce) --- International economic relations --- Non-traded goods --- Competition, International --- Foreign trade regulation --- Treaties --- Reciprocity (Commerce) --- Commercial treaties. --- International cooperation. --- Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora --- Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer --- Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal --- Convenio de Basilea sobre el Control de los Movimientos Transfronterizos de los Desechos Peligrosos y Su Eliminación --- Montreal Protocol --- Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer --- Bin lin jue zhong ye sheng dong zhi wu guo ji mao yi gong yue --- Bin wei ye sheng dong zhi wu zhong guo ji mao yi gong yue (1973 March 3) --- C.I.T.E.S. --- CITES --- Convención sobre el Comercio Internacional de Especies Amenazadas de Fauna y Flora Silvestres --- Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species --- Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species --- Convention sur le commerce international des espèces de faune et de flore sauvages menacées d'extinction --- Nesli Tehlike Altındaki Doğal Bitki ve Hayvanların Uluslararası Ticaretini Düzenleyen Anlaşma --- Übereinkommen über den internationalen Handel mit gefährdeten Arten freilebender Tiere und Pflanzen --- Washington Convention --- Washingtoner Artenschutzübereinkommen --- Trade Environmental Agreements