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This reprint contains a collection of state-of-the-art reviews and original research articles from leaders in the field of 3D/4D printing. It focuses on 3D/4D printing materials with novel and/or advanced functionalities, novel applications of 3DP material, and material synthesis and characterization techniques.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- Materials science --- 3D printing --- additive manufacturing --- dental forceps --- CFR (continuous fiber reinforcement) --- fatigue test --- mechanical testing --- composite --- carbon --- scanning electron microscopy --- polyphenylsulfone --- PPSF --- fire-resistant --- aircraft interior --- selective laser sintering --- direct writing --- PVC gel --- artificial muscle --- rheological behavior --- integrated printing --- 4D printing --- fused deposition modelling --- stereolithography --- polymers --- FEM --- FDM --- microstructure behavior --- linear analysis --- RVE --- polyimide --- aerogels --- chemical smoothing --- vapor smoothing --- PVB --- carbon fiber mold --- polylactic acid --- sound reflection --- excitation frequency --- porosity --- 3D printing technique --- thickness --- air gap --- FluidFM --- microstructures --- nanostructures --- biofunctionalization --- mechanical properties --- scanning probe lithography --- copper complex --- photocomposite --- LED --- laser write --- free radical photopolymerization --- bio-inspired spider silks --- adjustable mechanical properties --- shape morphing --- stimulus response --- n/a

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This book collects the articles published in the Special Issue “Polymeric Materials: Surfaces, Interfaces and Bioapplications”. It shows the advances in polymeric materials, which have tremendous applications in agricultural films, food packaging, dental restoration, antimicrobial systems, and tissue engineering. These polymeric materials are presented as films, coatings, particles, fibers, hydrogels, or networks. The potential to modify and modulate their surfaces or their content by different techniques, such as click chemistry, ozonation, breath figures, wrinkle formation, or electrospray, are also explained, taking into account the relationship between the structure and properties in the final application. Moreover, new trends in the development of such materials are presented, using more environmental friendly and safe methods, which, at the same time, have a high impact on our society.

Artificial muscle --- chitosan --- graphene oxide --- antifouling coatings --- tissue engineering --- biodegradable --- polymer cross-linking --- UV/ozone --- inmiscibility --- bioapplications --- antibacterial --- polypropylene --- degradation --- protein-repellent polymer --- micro- and nanopatterned films --- oral biofilms --- bio-based --- composite films --- stimuli-responsive materials/smart surfaces --- surface modification/functionalization --- caries inhibition --- superhydrophobic --- blends --- nanosecond laser surface modification --- biofouling --- degenerative disc disease --- surface-attached polymer network --- total disc replacement --- surface wettability --- bonding agents --- polydimethylsiloxane --- natural biofilms --- Electrical stimulation --- microparticles --- hemicelluloses --- superhydrophilic --- fossil --- surface segregation --- honeycomb --- prolonged drug release --- hydrogel --- conformational entropy --- Electroactive biomaterials --- antimicrobial --- ABS (Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene) --- intervertebral disc --- calcium chloride --- sustainable --- biodegradable polymers --- friction and wear --- Drug delivery --- alginate modification --- breath figures --- spinal fusion --- blends and (nano)composites --- composites --- antimicrobial polymer --- periodontal pathogens --- polymeric composites --- scaffolds --- corn stalk fiber --- worn surface morphology --- irradiance --- friction composite --- antimicrobial coatings --- gradient wrinkles --- porous surfaces --- Electrically conductive polymers --- oxygen barrier property --- food packaging --- spinal anatomy --- Smart composites --- recycling --- packaging --- hybrids --- bio-based polymers --- coatings --- poly(x-chlorostyrene) --- eco-friendly --- multidimensional scale analysis --- single-stranded conformation polymorphism --- Bioelectric effect --- spray drying --- herniated disc