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In this work, a deeper understanding of the electrochemical oxidation at SOFC anodes was gained by the experimental characterization of patterned Ni anodes in H2-H2O and CO-CO2 atmosphere. By high resolution data analysis, the Line Specific Resistance attributed to charge transfer and its dependencies on gas composition, temperature and polarization voltage were identified. Furthermore, the comparison of the performance of patterned and cermet anodes was enabled using a transmission line model.

electrochemical oxidation --- anode --- SOFC

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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Science: general issues --- Conversion --- Cathode --- Anode --- Battery --- Lithium

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Silica and silicon-based nanostructures are now well-understood materials for which the technologies are mature. The most obvious applications, such as electronic devices, have been widely explored over the last two decades. The aim of this Special Issue is to bring together the state of the art in the field and to enable the emergence of new ideas and concepts for silicon and silica-based nanostructures.

Research & information: general --- Physics --- maize --- NPK --- SiO2-NPs --- productivity --- fertilizer --- mineral --- weevils --- LC50 --- toxicity --- mesoporous silica --- nanomaterials --- desulfurization --- fuel --- JP-8 --- black silicon --- light absorption enhanced --- micro-nano manufacturing --- nanometer surface --- nano-silica --- tricalcium aluminate --- pozzolanic reaction --- C-A-S-H gel --- silicon nanoparticles --- silicon nanowires --- synthesis --- high energy density --- lithium-ion batteries --- high-capacity anode --- VLS --- laser pyrolysis --- size effect --- shape effect --- biomass rice husk --- silicon --- nanocrystals --- luminescence --- high porosity --- pH sensor --- temperature sensor --- dual sensor --- metal-assisted chemical etching --- Si nanostructures --- high aspect ratio --- zone plate --- silicon nanowire --- nanowire array --- silicon anode --- n-type silicon anode --- Li-ion battery --- nanowires --- nanonets --- transistor --- integration process --- n/a --- Research. --- Physics.

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This work presents a numerical FEM framework, capable of predicting SOFC performance under technically relevant, planar stack contacting conditions. A high level of confidence in the model predictions is supplied by using exclusively experimentally determined material/kinetic parameters and by a comprehensive validation. The presented model aids SOFC stack development by pre-evaluating possible material choices and design combinations for cells/interconnectors without any experimental effort.

Finite Element Method (FEM) simulation --- Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) --- Hochtemperatur Festoxid-Brennstoffzelle (SOFC) --- anode supported cell (ASC) --- Finite Elemente Methode (FEM) Simulation --- mischleitende (MIEC) Kathode --- mixed-ionic-electronic conductive (MIEC) cathode --- anodengestützte Zelle (ASC)

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Unit metallurgical operations processes are usually separated into three categories: 1) hydrometallurgy (leaching, mixing, neutralization, precipitation, cementation, and crystallization); 2) pyrometallurgy (roasting and smelting); and 3) electrometallurgy (aqueous electrolysis and molten salt electrolysis). In hydrometallurgy, the aimed metal is first transferred from ores and concentrates to a solution using a selective dissolution (leaching or dry digestion) under an atmospheric pressure below 100 °C and under a high pressure (40-50 bar) and high temperature (below 270°C) in an autoclave. The purification of the obtained solution was performed using neutralization agents such as sodium hydroxide and calcium carbonate or more selective precipitation agents such as sodium carbonate and oxalic acid. The separation of metals is possible using a liquid/liquid process (solvent extraction in mixer-settler) and solid–liquid (filtration in filter-press under high pressure). Crystallization is the process by which a metallic compound is converted from a liquid into a solid crystalline state via a supersaturated solution. The final step is metal production using electrochemical methods (aqueous electrolysis for basic metals such as copper, zinc, silver, and molten salt electrolysis for rare earth elements and aluminum). Advanced processes, such as ultrasonic spray pyrolysis and microwave-assisted leaching, can be combined with reduction processes in order to produce metallic powders.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- Mining technology & engineering --- zirconium --- eudialyte --- hydrometallurgy --- basic sulfate precipitation --- macroporous polymer --- goethite --- factorial design --- desorption --- tailings reprocessing --- early stage cost estimation --- magnetic separation --- leaching --- flotation --- silica --- ultrasonic spray pyrolysis --- synthesis --- acid mine drainage --- red mud --- neutralization --- immobilization --- precipitation --- nitinol --- continuous vertical cast (CVC), NiTi rod --- atomic layer deposition --- corrosion properties --- potentiodynamic test --- electrochemical impedance spectroscopy --- rare earth elements --- recycling --- NdFeB --- magnet --- non-ferrous metals --- cavitation erosion --- optical microscopy --- electron microscopy --- atomic force microscopy --- aluminium --- thin-layer electrolysis --- molten salts --- halides --- capillary cell --- electrorefining --- non-commercial copper anode --- waste solution --- high content --- Ni --- Pb --- Sn --- Sb --- passivation --- anode slime --- pentlandite --- oxidation --- reaction mechanism --- phase analysis --- silver --- copper --- nanoparticles --- antibacterial --- MnO2 --- cobalt oxide Co3O4 --- perovskite materials --- oxygen reduction in alkaline media --- electrocatalyst --- Pt catalyst --- nanocomposite --- mixed oxides --- NiAl2O4 --- ZnAl2O4 --- electrocatalysis --- nanocatalyst --- noble metal nanoparticles --- leachate --- metal ions extraction --- selectivity --- Fe removal --- electrodeposition --- conductometry --- n/a