Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This study on Flavia Julia Helena Augusta, mother of Constantine the Great, is divided into two parts. The purpose of the first part is to ascertain the facts of Helena's life on the basis of reliable historical sources. The second part deals with the legends concerning the discovery of the True Cross in Jerusalem by Helena. Fact and fiction, which are so often confused in the secondary literature, are carefully distinguished. The first part deals with subjects like Helena's life before the reign of Constantine, her residences in Trier and Rome, her conversion, her position at the court of Constantine, and her pilgrimage to the Holy Land. The second part investigates the origin, development and function of the legends of the discovery of the True Cross, which were developed in the 4th and 5th centuries: the Helena legend, the (Syriac) Protonike legend and the Judas Cyriacus legend. An appendix deals with the portraits of Helena.

Holy Cross --- Sainte Croix --- Legends --- Légendes --- Helena, --- Hélène, sainte (255-330) --- 7741 --- Helena --- -Cross --- Feast of the Cross --- Helena Saint --- Legends. --- -Legends --- Légendes --- Flavia Julia Helena, --- Helen, --- Елена, --- Elena, --- Hélène, --- Holy Cross - Legends --- Hélène, 255-330

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Reliquaries, Byzantine. --- Reliquaries, Medieval. --- Holy Cross. --- Reliquaires byzantins --- Reliquaires médiévaux --- Sainte Croix --- Reliquaries, Byzantine --- Reliquaries, Medieval --- Holy Cross --- Reliquaires médiévaux --- Medieval reliquaries --- Byzantine reliquaries --- Relics and reliquaries, Byzantine --- Cross --- Feast of the Cross --- Reliques --- Croix

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The cross stirs intense feelings among Christians as well as non-Christians. Robin Jensen takes readers on an intellectual and spiritual journey through the two-thousand-year evolution of the cross as an idea and an artifact, illuminating the controversies--along with the forms of devotion--this central symbol of Christianity inspires. Jesus's death on the cross posed a dilemma for Saint Paul and the early Church fathers. Crucifixion was a humiliating form of execution reserved for slaves and criminals. How could their messiah and savior have been subjected to such an ignominious death? Wrestling with this paradox, they reimagined the cross as a triumphant expression of Christ's sacrificial love and miraculous resurrection. Over time, the symbol's transformation raised myriad doctrinal questions, particularly about the crucifix--the cross with the figure of Christ--and whether it should emphasize Jesus's suffering or his glorification. How should Jesus's body be depicted: alive or dead, naked or dressed? Should it be shown at all? Jensen's wide-ranging study focuses on the cross in painting and literature, the quest for the "true cross" in Jerusalem, and the symbol's role in conflicts from the Crusades to wars of colonial conquest. The Cross also reveals how Jews and Muslims viewed the most sacred of all Christian emblems and explains its role in public life in the West today.--

Crosses --- Crosses in art. --- Holy Cross --- Holy Cross in art. --- Cross --- Feast of the Cross --- Calvaries --- Crucifixes --- Roods --- Signs and symbols --- Crucifixion --- History. --- crucifixes --- History of civilization --- art history --- iconography --- Iconography --- Crosses. --- Holy Cross. --- Croix dans l'art --- Sainte Croix dans l'art --- Crosses in art --- Holy Cross in art --- 247.6 --- 247.6 Kaarsen. Flabella. Kruisen. Mijter. Troon. Tiara --- Kaarsen. Flabella. Kruisen. Mijter. Troon. Tiara --- History --- Crosses - History --- Holy Cross - History --- Croix

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Liability and Environment analyzes the role of law, in particular civil liability, in controlling environmental pollution and risk. In modern environmental policy, liability has become a popular instrument. In this book, Prof. Bergkamp takes a fresh look at civil liability for environmental harm in an inter- and transnational context. Over the last decade, industry's liability exposure for environmental harm has expanded significantly. At the international, EC, and national level proposals for onerous strict environmental liability regimes are pending. The `polluter pays principle', which is an articulation of the `cost internalization' theory in the environmental area, is believed to justify such liability regimes. Applying an instrumental approach to legal instruments, Prof. Bergkamp aims to redefine the role of liability in the heavily regulated environmental area. He shows that liability for environmental harm is not justified by the polluter pays principle, is an uncertain and unreliable instrument for achieving prevention, results in an inefficient insurance scheme, and plays a dubious role in adjusting activity levels. Based on an analysis of the basic characteristics of alternative legal instruments, Prof. Bergkamp concludes that civil liability should play a more modest, limited role in an environmental law system dominated by public law. Where deterrence is not the objective, first party insurance, compensation funds, or other public law regimes should be preferred over liability rules. In addition to civil liability of private parties, Liability and Environment discusses State liability under international, EC, and national law. Under international law, breach of a primary obligation triggers a State's liability. Prof. Bergkamp argues that this rule should be applied also to liability of private parties. In the environmental area, a business' primary obligations are spelled out in detailed permit conditions, regulations, and statutes. According to Prof. Bergkamp, only if a primary obligation is breached, a private person should be liable for environmental harm. The system that Bergkamp advocates is an objective fault liability regime, in which public environmental law defines the standard of care for both government and industry. "In rebuilding our civil liability system, we should keep in mind that what is good for industry should be good for everyone (or it is not good for anyone), we should keep in mind that what is good for private parties should be good for the state (or it is not good for either). In rebuilding our civil liability system, the international law of State responsibility, which is unpolluted by risk spreading and activity level considerations, will guide us a long way." This book is aimed at advanced law students, academic scholars, and practitioners. In addition, it will be of interest to policy and legislative analysts, legislators, and government officials. Professor Bergkamp's book cannot be described as "solving" the problems of legal and regulatory control of environmental harm, whether within a nation or internationally. As suggested before, however, the very idea of a "solution" is illusory. All legal and regulatory regimes around the world are today and will remain for the future in a state of perpetually continuing development. The virtue of this fine book is that it moves the process of that development forward by a very substantial measure. from the Foreword by George L. Priest.

Environmental law --- Environmental law, International --- Liability (Law) --- Environnement --- Environnement (Droit international) --- Responsabilité (Droit) --- Droit --- Liability for environmental damages --- Responsabilité (Droit) --- Civil Liability --- Cross --- Environmental pollution --- Environmental damages, Liability for --- Torts --- Accountability --- Legal responsibility --- Responsibility, Legal --- Responsibility (Law) --- Civil law --- Contracts --- Obligations (Law) --- Chemical pollution --- Chemicals --- Contamination of environment --- Pollution --- Contamination (Technology) --- Asbestos abatement --- Bioremediation --- Environmental engineering --- Environmental quality --- Factory and trade waste --- Hazardous waste site remediation --- Hazardous wastes --- In situ remediation --- Lead abatement --- Pollutants --- Refuse and refuse disposal --- International environmental law --- International law --- Common heritage of mankind (International law) --- Feast of the Cross --- border damage --- Environmental aspects

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Iconography --- Christian special devotions --- anno 500-1499 --- Crosses --- Holy Cross in literature --- Holy Cross in art --- Christian literature, Latin (Medieval and modern) --- Christian art and symbolism --- Croix --- Sainte Croix dans la littérature --- Sainte Croix dans l'art --- Littérature chrétienne latine médiévale et moderne --- Art et symbolisme chrétiens --- Cult --- History --- Culte --- Histoire --- Holy Cross --- Art, Byzantine. --- Art, Medieval. --- Legends --- 7.046.3 --- 246.5 --- 091.31:7.04 --- Art, Byzantine --- Art, Medieval --- -Academic collection --- Iconografie ; christelijke ; Heilig Kruis ; Heilig Hout ; Kruislegende --- 7.045 --- Cross --- Feast of the Cross --- Medieval art --- Byzantine art --- Iconografie: religieuze voorstellingen --- Emblematiek. Iconologie. Christelijke iconografie. Dodendans --- Verluchte handschriften: iconografie --- Iconografie ; symbolen, allegorieën, emblemen --- 091.31:7.04 Verluchte handschriften: iconografie --- 246.5 Emblematiek. Iconologie. Christelijke iconografie. Dodendans --- 7.046.3 Iconografie: religieuze voorstellingen --- Sainte Croix dans la littérature --- Littérature chrétienne latine médiévale et moderne --- Art et symbolisme chrétiens --- Academic collection --- #GBIB:SMM --- Holy Cross - Legends - Art. --- History.