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This book, as a volume of the Shock Wave Science and Technology Reference Library, is primarily concerned with detonation waves or compression shock waves in reactive heterogeneous media, including mixtures of solid, liquid and gas phases. The topics involve a variety of energy release and control processes in such media - a contemporary research field that has found wide applications in propulsion and power, hazard prevention as well as military engineering. The six extensive chapters contained in this volume are: - Spray Detonation (SB Murray and PA Thibault) - Detonation of Gas-Particle Flow (F Zhang) - Slurry Detonation (DL Frost and F Zhang) - Detonation of Metalized Composite Explosives (MF Gogulya and MA Brazhnikov) - Shock-Induced Solid-Solid Reactions and Detonations (YA Gordopolov, SS Batsanov, and VS Trofimov) - Shock Ignition of Particles (SM Frolov and AV Fedorov) Each chapter is self-contained and can be read independently of the others, though, they are thematically interrelated. They offer a timely reference, for graduate students as well as professional scientists and engineers, by laying out the foundations and discussing the latest developments including yet unresolved challenging problems.

Multiphase flow. --- Shock (Mechanics). --- Shock waves. --- Solids. --- Civil Engineering --- Civil & Environmental Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Shock (Mechanics) --- Detonation waves. --- Mechanical shock --- Flow, Multi-phase --- Flow, Multicomponent --- Flow, Multiphase --- Flow, Polyphase --- Multi-phase flow --- Multicomponent flow --- Polyphase flow --- Physics. --- Physical chemistry. --- Chemical engineering. --- Continuum physics. --- Mechanical engineering. --- Classical Continuum Physics. --- Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering. --- Mechanical Engineering. --- Physical Chemistry. --- Shock waves --- Damping (Mechanics) --- Impact --- Mechanics --- Strains and stresses --- Vibration --- Solid state physics --- Transparent solids --- Waves --- Fluid dynamics --- Chemistry, Physical organic. --- Classical and Continuum Physics. --- Chemistry, Industrial --- Engineering, Chemical --- Industrial chemistry --- Engineering --- Chemistry, Technical --- Metallurgy --- Chemistry, Physical organic --- Chemistry, Organic --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Engineering, Mechanical --- Machinery --- Steam engineering --- Chemistry, Theoretical --- Physical chemistry --- Theoretical chemistry --- Chemistry --- Classical field theory --- Continuum physics --- Physics --- Continuum mechanics

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Emission permit trading is a centerpiece of the Kyoto Protocol which allows participating nations to trade and bank greenhouse gas permits under the Framework Convention on Climate Change. When market conditions evolve stochastically, emission trading produces a dynamic problem, in which anticipation about the future economic environment affects current banking decisions. In this paper, the author explores the effect of increased uncertainty over future output prices and input costs on the temporal distribution of emissions. In a dynamic programming setting, a permit price is a convex function of stochastic prices of electricity and fuel. Increased uncertainty about future market conditions increases the expected permit price and causes a risk-neutral firm to reduce ex ante emissions so as to smooth out marginal abatement costs over time. The convexity results from the asymmetric impact of changes in counterfactual emissions on the change of marginal abatement costs. Empirical analysis corroborates the theoretical prediction. The author finds that a 1 percent increase in electricity price volatility measured by the annualized standard deviation of percentage price change is associated with an average decrease in the annual emission rate by 0.88 percent. Numerical simulation suggests that high uncertainty could induce substantially early abatements, as well as large compliance costs, therefore imposing a tradeoff between environmental benefits and economic efficiency. The author discusses policy implications for designing an effective and efficient global carbon market.

Abatement Costs --- Carbon Market --- Carbon Policy and Trading --- Clean Air --- Climate Change --- Climate Change Policy --- Demand For Energy --- Electricity --- Electricity Price --- Emerging Markets --- Emission --- Emission Cap --- Emissions --- Energy --- Energy and Environment --- Energy Production and Transportation --- Environment --- Environment and Energy Efficiency --- Environmental Economics and Policies --- Facilities --- Fuel --- Greenhouse Gas --- Investment --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Markets and Market Access --- Permit Trading --- Price --- Prices --- Private Sector Development --- Public Sector Development --- Sulfur --- Sulfur Dioxide

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Textile fabrics --- Biomedical materials. --- Collagen. --- Tissue engineering. --- Therapeutic use.

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This book offers a comprehensive overview of recently developed space multi-tethers, such as maneuverable space tethered nets and space tethered formation. For each application, it provides detailed derivatives to describe and analyze the mathematical model of the system, and then discusses the design and proof of different control schemes for various problems. The dynamics modeling presented is based on Newton and Lagrangian mechanics, and the book also introduces Hamilton mechanics and Poincaré surface of section for dynamics analysis, and employs both centralized and distributed controllers to derive the formation question of the multi-tethered system. In addition to the equations and text, it includes 3D design drawings, schematic diagrams, control scheme blocks and tables to make it easy to understand. This book is intended for researchers and graduate students in the fields of astronautics, control science, and engineering.

Aerospace engineering. --- Astronautics. --- Control engineering. --- Mechanics. --- Mechanics, Applied. --- Aerospace Technology and Astronautics. --- Control and Systems Theory. --- Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. --- Tethered space vehicles --- Dynamics. --- Applied mechanics --- Engineering, Mechanical --- Engineering mathematics --- Classical mechanics --- Newtonian mechanics --- Physics --- Dynamics --- Quantum theory --- Control engineering --- Control equipment --- Control theory --- Engineering instruments --- Automation --- Programmable controllers --- Space sciences --- Aeronautics --- Astrodynamics --- Space flight --- Space vehicles --- Aeronautical engineering --- Astronautics --- Engineering

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This textbook characterizes the economics of telecommunication services from an engineering perspective. The authors bring out the fundamental drivers of the industry and characterize networks from a graph theoretic perspective, including random, small world, and scale free networks. The authors relate the topology of a telecommunication network using circuit and packet switched architectures to throughput and other performance parameters. The pricing model proposed in this book is based on the cost of displaced opportunity as opposed to the cost of the elements of the network engaged in delivering a service. The displaced opportunity is characterized by the revenue associated with the service that the network could have alternatively delivered most efficiently using an identical level of resources. The book addresses other topics such as regulation in legacy networks, and net neutrality. Finally, the book introduces the application of game theory in a multi-vendor, multi-services competitive marketplace. The book aims to bridge the gap between the science of economics as practiced by economists and practice of pricing from a telecommunication engineer’s perspective. This book is suitable for use by senior undergraduate or graduate students of telecommunication engineering or researchers and practitioners in telecommunication engineering. Addresses the void that exists in understanding the economics of telecommunication networking from a technology perspective; Addresses the technological underpinnings of a competitive and fast evolving multi-service and multi-vendor environment; Includes illustrative examples and problems for each chapter, a solutions manual and PowerPoint slides.

Electrical engineering. --- Engineering economics. --- Engineering economy. --- Computer communication systems. --- Economic policy. --- Communications Engineering, Networks. --- Engineering Economics, Organization, Logistics, Marketing. --- Computer Communication Networks. --- R & D/Technology Policy. --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- National planning --- State planning --- Economics --- Planning --- National security --- Social policy --- Communication systems, Computer --- Computer communication systems --- Data networks, Computer --- ECNs (Electronic communication networks) --- Electronic communication networks --- Networks, Computer --- Teleprocessing networks --- Data transmission systems --- Digital communications --- Electronic systems --- Information networks --- Telecommunication --- Cyberinfrastructure --- Electronic data processing --- Network computers --- Economy, Engineering --- Engineering economics --- Industrial engineering --- Electric engineering --- Engineering --- Distributed processing --- Telecommunication systems --- Economic aspects. --- Communication systems --- Communications systems --- Systems, Communication