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This book intends to show that radical naturalism (or physicalism), nominalism and strict finitism account for the applications of classical mathematics in current scientific theories. The applied mathematical theories developed in the book include the basics of calculus, metric space theory, complex analysis, Lebesgue integration, Hilbert spaces, and semi-Riemann geometry (sufficient for the applications in classical quantum mechanics and general relativity). The fact that so much applied mathematics can be developed within such a weak, strictly finitistic system, is surprising in itself. It also shows that the applications of those classical theories to the finite physical world can be translated into the applications of strict finitism, which demonstrates the applicability of those classical theories without assuming the literal truth of those theories or the reality of infinity. Both professional researchers and students of philosophy of mathematics will benefit greatly from reading this book.
Applied mathematics. --- Finite, The. --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical. --- Mathematics -- Philosophy. --- Naturalism. --- Finite, The --- Naturalism --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical --- Mathematics --- Philosophy & Religion --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Mathematical Theory --- Philosophy --- Philosophy. --- Algebra of logic --- Logic, Universal --- Mathematical logic --- Symbolic and mathematical logic --- Symbolic logic --- Logic of mathematics --- Mathematics, Logic of --- Logic. --- Philosophy and science. --- Mathematical logic. --- Philosophy of Science. --- Mathematical Logic and Foundations. --- Algebra, Abstract --- Metamathematics --- Set theory --- Syllogism --- Science --- Argumentation --- Deduction (Logic) --- Deductive logic --- Dialectic (Logic) --- Logic, Deductive --- Intellect --- Psychology --- Reasoning --- Thought and thinking --- Normal science --- Philosophy of science --- Methodology --- Science and philosophy
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This book demonstrates how a radical version of physicalism ('No-Self Physicalism') can offer an internally coherent and comprehensive philosophical worldview. It first argues that a coherent physicalist should explicitly treat a cognitive subject merely as a physical thing and should not vaguely assume an amorphous or even soul-like subject or self. This approach forces the physicalist to re-examine traditional core philosophical notions such as truth, analyticity, modality, apriority because our traditional understandings of them appear to be predicated on a cognitive subject that is not literally just a physical thing. In turn, working on the assumption that a cognitive subject is itself completely physical, namely a neural network-based robot programmed by evolution (hence the term 'No-Self'), the book proposes physicalistic theories on conceptual representation, truth, analyticity, modality, the nature of mathematics, epistemic justification, knowledge, apriority and intuition, as well as a physicalistic ontology. These are meant to show that this No-Self Physicalism, perhaps the most minimalistic and radical version of physicalism proposed to date, can accommodate many aspects that have traditionally interested philosophers. Given its refreshingly radical approach and painstakingly developed content, the book is of interest to anyone who is seeking a coherent philosophical worldview in this age of science.
Psychology --- Theory of knowledge --- Philosophy of science --- Mathematics --- Philosophy of language --- wetenschapsfilosofie --- taalfilosofie --- kennisleer --- persoonlijkheidsleer --- wiskunde --- Philosophy of mind. --- Logical positivism.
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This book provides a comprehensive understanding of public hospital reform in China, which is a hot topic for China’s new round of health sector reform. The authors use rich data from both health provider side and service user side and conduct a cross-sectional study in China with some comparative analysis between different locations. It provides the audience with a big picture of China’s public hospital and other components of health system as well. The book reviews the main policy measurements in the public hospital reforms and evaluates how these policies influence public hospitals' practices, especially on hospital governance and internal management.
Public Health - General --- Public Health --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Health care reform --- Public hospitals --- Medical policy --- Federal hospitals --- Government hospitals --- Hospitals, Public --- National hospitals --- Health reform --- Health system reform --- Healthcare reform --- Medical care reform --- Reform of health care delivery --- Reform of medical care delivery --- Hospitals --- Public institutions --- Health insurance --- Medicine. --- Public health. --- Medicine & Public Health. --- Public Health. --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Community health --- Health services --- Hygiene, Public --- Hygiene, Social --- Public health services --- Public hygiene --- Social hygiene --- Health --- Human services --- Biosecurity --- Health literacy --- Medicine, Preventive --- National health services --- Sanitation --- Health Workforce
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