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Despite the potential benefits that PSSA designation can deliver, recent practice both within the IMO and by individual member States, has considerably undermined confidence in this emerging concept. The focus of this book is on the events within the IMO that have led to this lack of confidence arising. In doing so, this book presents an examination of coastal State practice with the PSSA concept. In undertaking this analysis, the research provides evidence of the value of the PSSA concept, but also demonstrates its limitations. In this regard, the book presents a ‘reality check’ which seeks to rationalise some of the heightened expectations with the concept that are apparent in the current debate. The research argues that States may seek to designate PSSAs more for their ‘iconic status’ than for any demonstrable environmental benefits that may be realised.

Marine resources conservation. --- Marine biodiversity conservation. --- International Maritime Organization. --- Environmental law. --- Aquatic biology. --- Law of the Sea, Air and Outer Space. --- International Environmental Law. --- Environmental Law/Policy/Ecojustice. --- Freshwater & Marine Ecology. --- Hydrobiology --- Water biology --- Aquatic sciences --- Biology --- Environment law --- Environmental control --- Environmental protection --- Environmental quality --- Environmental policy --- Law --- Sustainable development --- Law and legislation --- Law of the sea. --- International law. --- International environmental law. --- Environmental policy. --- Aquatic ecology . --- Aquatic biology --- Ecology --- Environment and state --- Environmental management --- State and environment --- Environmental auditing --- International environmental law --- International law --- Common heritage of mankind (International law) --- Law of nations --- Nations, Law of --- Public international law --- High seas, Jurisdiction over --- Marine law --- Ocean --- Ocean law --- Sea, Law of the --- Maritime law --- Territorial waters --- Government policy --- Particularly sensitive sea areas --- International maritime organization --- Internationale maritieme organisatie --- Internationale organisatie voor de scheepvaart

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The last twenty-five years have seen dramatic rises in the prison populations of most industrialised nations. Unable to keep up with increased numbers of convicted offenders, governments and criminal justice systems have been seeking new ways to control and punish offenders. One sanction adopted in Canada and some parts of Europe and the US is community custody which attempts to recreate the punitive nature of prison but without incarceration. This book analyses the effectiveness of this approach and explores its implications for offenders and society as a whole. It demonstrates that if properly conceived and administered, community custody can reduce the number of prison admissions and at the same time promote multiple goals of sentencing. So that offenders given community custody orders are punished yet also given the opportunity to change their lives in ways that would be impossible if they were in prison.

Community-based corrections --- Home detention --- Confinement, Home --- Detention, Home --- Home confinement --- Criminal justice, Administration of --- Detention of persons --- Community corrections --- Community treatment programs --- Corrections in the community --- Alternatives to imprisonment --- Community-based corrections. --- Services correctionnels communautaires --- Assignation à domicile (Droit pénal) --- Social Sciences --- Sociology --- Community-based corrections - Canada --- SERVICES CORRECTIONNELS COMMUNAUTAIRES --- ASSIGNATION A DOMICILE --- CANADA

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Celebrating the scholarship of Andrew Ashworth, Vinerian Professor of English Law at the University of Oxford, this collection brings together leading international scholars to explore questions of principle and value in criminal law and criminal justice. Internationally renowned for elaborating a body of principles and values that should underpin criminalization, the criminal process, and sentencing, Ashworth's contribution to the field over forty years of scholarship has beenimmense. Advancing his project of exploring normative issues at the heart of criminal law and criminal justice, the co

Criminal law --- Criminal justice, Administration of --- Ashworth, Andrew.

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What role should public opinion play in the way the state deals with criminal offenders? This volume brings together leading philosophers, legal theorists, and criminologists to consider the various aspects of the relationship between public opinion and state punishment.

Punishment --- Criminal liability --- Sentences (Criminal procedure) --- Law, Politics & Government --- Law, General & Comparative --- Public opinion --- Sentencing --- Correctional law --- Criminal procedure --- Judgments, Criminal --- Accountability, Criminal --- Criminal accountability --- Criminal responsibility --- Liability, Criminal --- Responsibility, Criminal --- Liability (Law) --- Penalties (Criminal law) --- Penology --- Corrections --- Impunity --- Retribution --- Law and legislation

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"Attempts at trans-jurisdictional debate and agreement are often beset by mutual misunderstanding. Professionals and academics engaged in comparative criminal law sometimes use the same terms with different meanings or different terms which mean the same thing. Although English is the new lingua franca in international and comparative criminal law, there are many ambiguities and uncertainties with regard to foundational criminal law and criminal justice concepts. However, there exist greater similarities among diverse systems of criminal law and justice than is commonly realised. This book will explore the foundational principles and concepts that underpin the different domestic systems. It will focus on the Germanic and several principal Anglo-American jurisdictions, which are employed as examples of the wider divide between common law and civil law"--

Criminal law --- Criminal procedure --- Droit pénal --- Procédure pénale --- Comparative law --- Droit comparé