Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Martingales (Mathematics) --- Martingales (Matemàtica) --- Processos estocàstics --- Stochastic processes

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This book is a consequence of the international meeting organized in Marseilles in November 2018 devoted to the aftermath of the Great War for mathematical communities. It features selected original research presented at the meeting offering a new perspective on a period, the 1920s, not extensively considered by historiography. After 1918, new countries were created, and borders of several others were modified. Territories were annexed while some countries lost entire regions. These territorial changes bear witness to the massive and varied upheavals with which European societies were confronted in the aftermath of the Great War. The reconfiguration of political Europe was accompanied by new alliances and a redistribution of trade -- commercial, intellectual, artistic, military, and so on -- which largely shaped international life during the interwar period. These changes also had an enormous impact on scientific life, not only in practice, but also in its organization and communication strategies. The mathematical sciences, which from the late 19th century to the 1920s experienced a deep disciplinary evolution, were thus facing a double movement, internal and external, which led to a sustainable restructuring of research and teaching. Concomitantly, various areas such as topology, functional analysis, abstract algebra, logic or probability, among others, experienced exceptional development. This was accompanied by an explosion of new international or national associations of mathematicians with for instance the founding, in 1918, of the International Mathematical Union and the controversial creation of the International Research Council. Therefore, the central idea for the articulation of the various chapters of the book is to present case studies illustrating how in the aftermath of the war, many mathematicians had to organize their personal trajectories taking into account the evolution of the political, social and scientific environment which had taken place at the end of the conflict.

Pure sciences. Natural sciences (general) --- wetenschapsgeschiedenis --- Mathematics --- Mathematicians --- Reconstruction (1914-1939) --- Mathématiques --- Mathématiciens --- Reconstruction, 1914-1939 --- History --- Professional relationships --- Histoire --- Relations professionnelles --- 1900-1999 --- History. --- Europa --- Reconstrucció, 1914-1939 --- Història de la matemàtica

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The fascinating correspondence between Paul Lévy and Maurice Fréchet spans an extremely active period in French mathematics during the twentieth century. The letters of these two Frenchmen show their vicissitudes of research and passionate enthusiasm for the emerging field of modern probability theory. The letters cover various topics of mathematical importance including academic careers and professional travels, issues concerning students and committees, and the difficulties both mathematicians met to be elected to the Paris Academy of Sciences.   The technical questions that occupied Lévy and Fréchet on almost a daily basis are the primary focus of these letters, which are charged with elation, frustration and humour. Their mathematical victories and setbacks unfolded against the dramatic backdrop of the two World Wars and the occupation of France, during which Lévy was obliged to go into hiding. The clear and persistent desire of these mathematicians to continue their work whatever the circumstance testifies to the enlightened spirit of their discipline which was persistent against all odds. The book contains a detailed and comprehensive introduction to the central topics of the correspondence. The original text of the letters are also annotated by numerous footnotes for helpful guidance. Paul Lévy and Maurice Fréchet will be useful to anybody interested in the history of mathematics in the twentieth century and, in particular, the birth of modern pr obability theory.

History & Archaeology --- History - General --- History. --- Functional analysis. --- Probabilities. --- Mathematics. --- Social sciences. --- Mathematical physics. --- History of Science. --- Probability Theory and Stochastic Processes. --- Functional Analysis. --- Mathematical Physics. --- Mathematics in the Humanities and Social Sciences. --- Distribution (Probability theory. --- Distribution functions --- Frequency distribution --- Characteristic functions --- Probabilities --- Functional calculus --- Calculus of variations --- Functional equations --- Integral equations --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Mathematics --- History --- Behavioral sciences --- Human sciences --- Sciences, Social --- Social science --- Social studies --- Civilization --- Math --- Science --- Physical mathematics --- Physics --- Probability --- Statistical inference --- Combinations --- Chance --- Least squares --- Mathematical statistics --- Risk

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The contributions in this proceedings volume offer a new perspective on the mathematical ties between France and Italy, and reveal how mathematical developments in these two countries affected one another. The focus is above all on the Peninsula’s influence on French mathematicians, counterbalancing the historically predominant perception that French mathematics was a model for Italian mathematicians. In the process, the book details a subtle network of relations between the two countries, where mathematical exchanges fit into the changing and evolving framework of Italian political and academic structures. It reconsiders the issue of nationalities in all of its complexity, an aspect often neglected in research on the history of mathematics. The works in this volume are selected contributions from a conference held in Lille and Lens (France) in November 2013 on Images of Italian Mathematics in France from Risorgimento to Fascism. The authors include respected historians of mathematics, philosophers of science, historians, and specialists for Italy and intellectual relations, ensuring the book will be of great interest to their peers.

Mathematics. --- History. --- History of Mathematical Sciences.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Comment les mathématiciens ont-ils mis leurs compétences, leurs connaissances et leur renommée au service de l’action militaire lors de différents conflits des XIXe et XXe siècles ? Leur intervention a pu être déclinée de bien des façons et se faire de manière plus ou moins volontaire, et avec des convictions variables, allant de l’engagement total jusqu’au refus de toute compromission. Le présent livre, issu d’un colloque tenu à Paris en février 2012 à l’Institut des sciences de la communication du CNRS (ISCC), se concentre sur différents modes d’implication des mathématiciens dans les guerres des deux derniers siècles.

War and mathematics --- Mathematicians --- Mathematics --- Attitudes --- Political activity --- History --- Math --- Science --- Scientists --- Mathematics and war --- mathématiques --- communication --- guerre --- histoire militaire