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In Philosophical Issues in Counseling and Psychotherapy, James Hansen proposes resolutions to four fundamental philosophical questions about knowing, effectiveness, and truth. Presented within the context of the author's struggle to reconcile these philosophical questions with his understanding of patient care, Hansen gives unity and meaning to diverse and seemingly contradictory counseling models.

Counseling --- Psychotherapy --- Counselling --- Helping behavior --- Psychology, Applied --- Clinical sociology --- Interviewing --- Personal coaching --- Social case work --- Philosophy. --- Medicine --- Medical personnel and patient --- Informed consent (Medical law) --- Médecine --- Psychothérapie --- Relations personnel médical-patient --- Consentement éclairé (Droit médical) --- Philosophy --- Philosophie

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Physiology: movement organs, voice and skin --- Exercise tests. --- Heart function tests. --- Pulmonary function tests. --- Exertion --- Epreuves d'effort --- Coeur --- Appareil respiratoire --- physiology --- Exploration fonctionnelle --- Exercise Test --- Physical Exertion --- Exercise tests --- Heart function tests --- Pulmonary function tests --- Exercise Test. --- Heart Function Tests. --- 796.012 --- Exercise --- -Physical activity --- Warm-up --- Workouts (Exercise) --- Health --- Physical education and training --- Function tests, Pulmonary --- Lung function tests --- Respiratory function tests --- Function tests (Medicine) --- Cardiac function tests --- Cardiac Function Tests --- Cardiac Function Test --- Function Test, Cardiac --- Function Test, Heart --- Function Tests, Cardiac --- Function Tests, Heart --- Heart Function Test --- Test, Cardiac Function --- Test, Heart Function --- Tests, Cardiac Function --- Tests, Heart Function --- Ventricular Function --- Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test --- Arm Ergometry Test --- Bicycle Ergometry Test --- Step Test --- Stress Test --- Treadmill Test --- Arm Ergometry Tests --- Bicycle Ergometry Tests --- Cardiopulmonary Exercise Tests --- Ergometry Test, Arm --- Ergometry Test, Bicycle --- Ergometry Tests, Arm --- Ergometry Tests, Bicycle --- Exercise Test, Cardiopulmonary --- Exercise Tests --- Exercise Tests, Cardiopulmonary --- Step Tests --- Test, Arm Ergometry --- Test, Bicycle Ergometry --- Test, Cardiopulmonary Exercise --- Test, Exercise --- Test, Step --- Test, Treadmill --- Tests, Arm Ergometry --- Tests, Bicycle Ergometry --- Tests, Cardiopulmonary Exercise --- Tests, Exercise --- Tests, Step --- Tests, Treadmill --- Treadmill Tests --- Echocardiography, Stress --- Movement and motor functions: tests and measurement --- Physiological aspects --- physiology. --- Fitness Testing --- Physical Fitness Testing --- Fitness Testing, Physical --- Fitness Testings --- Fitness Testings, Physical --- Physical Fitness Testings --- Stress Tests --- Test, Stress --- Testing, Fitness --- Testing, Physical Fitness --- Testings, Fitness --- Testings, Physical Fitness --- Tests, Stress --- -Movement and motor functions: tests and measurement --- 796.012 Movement and motor functions: tests and measurement --- -Function tests, Pulmonary --- Physical activity --- Heart Function Tests --- Testing --- EuroFit Tests --- Eurofit Test Battery --- European Fitness Testing Battery --- EuroFit Test --- Eurofit Test Batteries --- Test Battery, Eurofit --- Test, EuroFit --- Tests, EuroFit --- Physical Fitness --- Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing --- Exercise Testing --- Exercise Testing, Cardiopulmonary --- Testing, Cardiopulmonary Exercise --- Testing, Exercise --- Physical Exertion - physiology

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Climate variability poses a severe threat to subsistence farmers in southern Africa. Two different approaches have emerged in recent years to address these threats: the use of seasonal precipitation forecasts for risk reduction (for example, choosing seed varieties that can perform well for expected rainfall conditions), and the use of innovative financial instruments for risk sharing (for example, index-based weather insurance bundled to microcredit for agricultural inputs). So far these two approaches have remained entirely separated. This paper explores the integration of seasonal forecasts into an ongoing pilot insurance scheme for smallholder farmers in Malawi. The authors propose a model that adjusts the amount of high-yield agricultural inputs given to farmers to favorable or unfavorable rainfall conditions expected for the season. Simulation results - combining climatic, agricultural, and financial models - indicate that this approach substantially increases production in La Nina years (when droughts are very unlikely for the study area), and reduces losses in El Nino years (when insufficient rainfall often damages crops). Cumulative gross revenues are more than twice as large for the proposed scheme, given modeling assumptions. The resulting accumulation of wealth can reduce long-term vulnerability to drought for participating farmers. Conclusions highlight the potential of this approach for adaptation to climate variability and change in southern Africa.

Agriculture --- Bank --- Banks and Banking Reform --- Climate change --- Crops and Crop Management Systems --- Damages --- Debt Markets --- Drought --- Droughts --- Emerging Markets --- Farmers --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Financial Intermediation --- Hazard Risk Management --- Insurance --- Insurance and Risk Mitigation --- Labor Policies --- Poverty Reduction --- Private Sector Development --- Risk --- Risk reduction --- Rural Development --- Rural Poverty Reduction --- Social Protections and Labor --- Technology --- Urban Development