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This work addresses this problem in the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) domain. We divide the general problem into five basic categories depending on the number of microphones being used and whether the interframe or interband correlation is considered. The first category deals with the single-channel problem where STFT coefficients at different frames and frequency bands are assumed to be independent. In this case, the noise reduction filter in each frequency band is basically a real gain. Since a gain does not improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for any given subband and frame, the noise reduction is basically achieved by liftering the subbands and frames that are less noisy while weighing down on those that are more noisy. The second category also concerns the single-channel problem. The difference is that now the interframe correlation is taken into account and a filter is applied in each subband instead of just a gain. The advantage of using the interframe correlation is that we can improve not only the long-time fullband SNR, but the frame-wise subband SNR as well. The third and fourth classes discuss the problem of multichannel noise reduction in the STFT domain with and without interframe correlation, respectively. In the last category, we consider the interband correlation in the design of the noise reduction filters. We illustrate the basic principle for the single-channel case as an example, while this concept can be generalized to other scenarios. In all categories, we propose different optimization cost functions from which we derive the optimal filters and we also define the performance measures that help analyzing them.

Speech processing systems. --- Speech processing systems --- Fourier transformations --- Electrical & Computer Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Telecommunications --- Electrical Engineering --- Applied Physics --- Noise --- Fourier transformations. --- Transformations, Fourier --- Transforms, Fourier --- Engineering. --- Computers. --- Fourier analysis. --- Acoustical engineering. --- Signal, Image and Speech Processing. --- Fourier Analysis. --- Engineering Acoustics. --- Models and Principles. --- Fourier analysis --- Transformations (Mathematics) --- Acoustics in engineering. --- Computer science. --- Informatics --- Science --- Analysis, Fourier --- Mathematical analysis --- Signal processing. --- Image processing. --- Acoustic engineering --- Sonic engineering --- Sonics --- Sound engineering --- Sound-waves --- Engineering --- Computational linguistics --- Electronic systems --- Information theory --- Modulation theory --- Oral communication --- Speech --- Telecommunication --- Singing voice synthesizers --- Pictorial data processing --- Picture processing --- Processing, Image --- Imaging systems --- Optical data processing --- Processing, Signal --- Information measurement --- Signal theory (Telecommunication) --- Automatic computers --- Automatic data processors --- Computer hardware --- Computing machines (Computers) --- Electronic brains --- Electronic calculating-machines --- Electronic computers --- Hardware, Computer --- Computer systems --- Cybernetics --- Machine theory --- Calculators --- Cyberspace --- Industrial applications

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Many scholars of language have accepted a view of grammar as a clearly delineated and internally coherent structure which is best understood as a self-contained system. The contributors to this volume propose a very different way of approaching and understanding grammar, taking it as part of a broader range of systems which underlie the organisation of social life and emphasising its role in the use of language in everyday interaction and cognition. Taking as their starting-point the position that the very integrity of grammar is bound up with its place in the larger schemes of the organisation of human conduct, particularly with social interaction, their essays explore a rich variety of linkages between interaction and grammar.

Conversation analysis --- Social interaction --- Sociolinguistics --- #KVHA:Conversatieanalyse --- #KVHA:Sociolinguistiek --- #KVHA:Taalkunde --- Language and languages --- Language and society --- Society and language --- Sociology of language --- Language and culture --- Linguistics --- Sociology --- Integrational linguistics (Oxford school) --- Human interaction --- Interaction, Social --- Symbolic interaction --- Exchange theory (Sociology) --- Psychology --- Social psychology --- Analysis of conversation --- CA (Interpersonal communication) --- Conversational analysis --- Oral communication --- Social aspects --- Sociological aspects --- 801.56 --- 801.56 Syntaxis. Semantiek --- Syntaxis. Semantiek --- Grammar --- Pragmatics --- Sociolinguistics. --- Social interaction. --- Conversation analysis. --- Sociolinguistique --- Interaction sociale --- Analyse de la conversation --- Arts and Humanities --- Language & Linguistics