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The hierarchy of states presents Ian Clark's Reform and resistance in the international order, a well-established text on international relations first published in 1980, in a completely revised form. Combining a detailed examination of theory with a full account of historical developments, Dr Clark analyses the nature of international order - the hierarchical state system - and its potential for reform. The theory of international order is explored tracing two traditions of thought epitomised in the writings of Kant and Rousseau, whilst in a historical survey Dr Clark covers the main attempts to implement international order since 1815 and includes such aspects as concert diplomacy, alliance systems, international organisations as well as such informal understandings as nuclear deterrence, crisis management and spheres of influence. This revised edition contains two new chapters - one on international/world order issues and the other on 'macro' changes between 1815 and 1990. Dr Clark has updated his discussion on the course of superpower relations and most of the material on the post-1945 period is introduced in this edition for the first time.
International relations. Foreign policy --- International law --- World history --- anno 1800-1999 --- International relations. --- World politics --- Relations internationales --- Politique mondiale --- Social Sciences --- Political Science --- Coexistence --- Foreign affairs --- Foreign policy --- Foreign relations --- Global governance --- Interdependence of nations --- International affairs --- Peaceful coexistence --- World order --- National security --- Sovereignty
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The conventional view of international society is that it is interested only in co-existence and order amongst states. This creates a puzzle. When the historical record is examined, we discover that international society has repeatedly signed up to normative principles that go well beyond this purpose. When it has done so, it has built new normative constraints into international legitimacy, and this is most conspicuously so when it has espoused broadly humanitarian principles. This suggests that the norms adopted by international society might be encouraged from the distinct constituency of world society. The book traces a series of historical case studies which issued in international affirmation of such principles: slave-trade abolition in 1815; the public conscience in 1899; social justice (but not racial equality) in 1919; human rights in 1945; and democracy as the only acceptable form of state in 1990. In each case, evidence is presented of world-society actors (transnational movements, advocacy networks, and INGOs) making the political running in support of a new principle, often in alliance with a leading state. At the same time, world society has mounted a normative case, and this can be seen as a degree of normative integration between international and world society. Each of the cases tells a fascinating story in its own right. Collectively, they contribute to the growing IR literature on the role of norms, and especially that written from a broadly English School or constructivist perspective. The book thereby puts some real historical flesh on the concept of world society, while forcing us to reconsider traditional views about the 'essential' nature of international society.
International cooperation --- International obligations --- Social norms --- Legitimacy of governments. --- International relations. --- Coopération internationale --- Obligations internationales --- Normes sociales --- Légitimité des gouvernements --- Relations internationales --- History. --- Histoire --- Coexistence --- Foreign affairs --- Foreign policy --- Foreign relations --- Global governance --- Interdependence of nations --- International affairs --- Peaceful coexistence --- World order --- National security --- Sovereignty --- World politics --- Governments, Legitimacy of --- Legitimacy (Constitutional law) --- Consensus (Social sciences) --- Revolutions --- State, The --- General will --- Political stability --- Regime change --- Folkways --- Norms, Social --- Rules, Social --- Social rules --- Manners and customs --- Social control --- International agreements --- International law --- Treaties --- Cooperation, International --- Institutions, International --- International institutions --- Cooperation --- International relations --- International organization --- Coopération internationale --- Légitimité des gouvernements
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International relations. --- Legitimacy of governments. --- Recognition (International law). --- Coexistence --- Coëxistence pacifique --- Erkenning (Internationaal recht) --- Foreign affairs --- Foreign policy --- Gouvernement légitime --- Gouvernement--Légitimité --- Interdependence of nations --- International relations --- Internationale betrekkingen --- Legitimacy of governments --- Legitimiteit van de regering --- Légitimité des gouvernements --- Ordre mondial --- Peaceful coexistence --- Recognition (International law) --- Reconnaissance (Droit international) --- Regeringen--Legitimiteit --- Regeringen--Wettigheid --- Relations internationales --- Vreedzame coëxistentie --- Wereldorde --- Wettige regering --- Wettigheid van de regering --- World order --- International relations. Foreign policy --- Légitimité des gouvernements
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This paper addresses the question: Should the International Monetary Fund be making an even greater effort to adapt its objectives, priorities, rules, instruments, procedures, and resources to take account of changes in the global economic environment and in the needs of its members? It reviews the changes in the economic and geopolitical environment most relevant to the Fund and the ways the institution has adapted to date. It identifies the general factors that tend to inhibit adaptation in international institutions, and some of the specific factors that can facilitate adaptation in the case of the Fund. It concludes that the Fund should, indeed, be making even greater efforts to adapt, but that efforts in this regard should take account of the identified factors.
Banks and Banking --- Foreign Exchange --- Macroeconomics --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Environmental Economics --- Labor Economics: General --- Monetary Systems --- Standards --- Regimes --- Government and the Monetary System --- Payment Systems --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions --- Environmental Economics: General --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Labour --- income economics --- Monetary economics --- Banking --- Environmental economics --- Labor --- Currencies --- Exchange rates --- Exchange rate flexibility --- Money --- Environment --- Labor economics --- Banks and banking --- Environmental sciences --- United States
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A Historical Geography of Tourism in Victoria, Australia - Case studies is concerned with the emergence of tourism in colonial Victoria, Australia. It explores a fundamental set of questions: how does a tourist site come in to being? How does a tourist gaze emerge in a 'settler society'? How does an 'era of discovery' segue into 'tourism'? And, how was the tourist map of Victoria created by settler colonists? Through the application of the classical models of MacCannell, Butler, and Gunn to construct the history of tourism at eight case studies, this work shows that Victoria's tourism landscape is dynamic and constantly changing. There are many other significant natural and cultural attractions in Victoria and much more research needs to be undertaken to understand more fully the evolution of Victoria's tourism landscape.
Geography --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Travel & Tourism --- Manners and customs. --- Tourism --- History. --- Victoria --- Social life and customs. --- Holiday industry --- Operators, Tour (Industry) --- Tour operators (Industry) --- Tourism industry --- Tourism operators (Industry) --- Tourist industry --- Tourist trade --- Tourist traffic --- Travel industry --- Visitor industry --- Service industries --- National tourism organizations --- Travel --- Ceremonies --- Customs, Social --- Folkways --- Social customs --- Social life and customs --- Traditions --- Usages --- Civilization --- Ethnology --- Etiquette --- Rites and ceremonies --- Economic aspects --- Vic. --- فيكتوريا --- Fīktūriyā --- Viktoriya --- Штат Вікторыя --- Shtat Viktoryi︠a︡ --- Вікторыя --- Viktoryi︠a︡ --- Виктория --- Viktorii︠a︡ --- Βικτώρια --- Viktōria --- Viktorio --- Vì-tô-li-â-chû --- 빅토리아 주 --- Pikt'oria-ju --- 빅토리아 --- Pikt'oria --- Виктори --- Viktori --- ויקטוריה --- Ṿiḳṭoryah --- Viktorija --- Vitöia --- Викторија --- Викториа --- ビクトリア州 --- Bikutoria-shū --- ビクトリア --- Bikutoria --- Wiktoreya --- Wiktoria --- Vitória --- Вікторія --- 維多利亞州 --- Weiduoliya zhou --- Wei duo li ya zhou --- 維多利亞 --- Weiduoliya --- Wei duo li ya --- Port Phillip District (N.S.W.) --- Australia. --- Creation of tourism spaces and sites. --- History of Tourism.
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Indian art --- Inuit art --- Art indien d'Amérique --- Art inuit
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Financial management --- Banks and banking --- Banques --- 658.1 --- Forms of enterprise. Finances --- 658.1 Forms of enterprise. Finances
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This book is concerned with the history of tourism at the Coranderrk Aboriginal Station at Healesville, northeast of Melbourne, which functioned as a government reserve from 1863 until its closure in 1924. At Coranderrk, Aboriginal mission interests and tourism intersected and the station became a 'showplace' of Aboriginal culture and the government policy of assimilation. The Aboriginal residents responded to tourist interest by staging cultural performances that involved boomerang throwing and traditional ways of lighting fires and by manufacturing and selling traditional artifacts. Whenever government policy impacted adversely on the Aboriginal community, the residents of Coranderrk took advantage of the opportunities offered to them by tourism to advance their political and cultural interests. This was particularly evident in the 1910's and 1920's when government policy moved to close the station.
Tourism --- Aboriginal Australians --- Aboriginals, Australian --- Aborigines, Australian --- Australian aboriginal people --- Australian aboriginals --- Australian aborigines --- Australians, Aboriginal --- Australians, Native (Aboriginal Australians) --- Native Australians (Aboriginal Australians) --- Holiday industry --- Operators, Tour (Industry) --- Tour operators (Industry) --- Tourism industry --- Tourism operators (Industry) --- Tourist industry --- Tourist trade --- Tourist traffic --- Travel industry --- Visitor industry --- Economic aspects --- Ethnology --- Indigenous peoples --- Service industries --- National tourism organizations --- Travel --- Aboriginal history, tourism in Australia, history of tourism, historical geography, Australia. --- Coranderrk Aboriginal Station (Vic.) --- Victoria
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This book showcases current research into Indigenous and minority placenames in Australia and internationally.
Names, Geographical --- Geographic names --- Geographical names --- Place names --- Placenames --- Toponyms --- Names --- Geography --- Toponymy
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