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This open access book features essays written by philosophers, biologists, ecologists and conservation scientists facing the current biodiversity crisis. Despite increasing communication, accelerating policy and management responses, and notwithstanding improving ecosystem assessment and endangered species knowledge, conserving biodiversity continues to be more a concern than an accomplished task. Why is it so? The overexploitation of natural resources by our species is a frequently recognised factor, while the short-term economic interests of governments and stakeholders typically clash with the burdens that implementing conservation actions imply. But this is not the whole story. This book develops a different perspective on the problem by exploring the conceptual challenges and practical defiance posed by conserving biodiversity, namely: on the one hand, the difficulties in defining what biodiversity is and characterizing that “thing” to which the word ‘biodiversity’ refers to; on the other hand, the reasons why assessing biodiversity and putting in place effective conservation actions is arduous.
Biology-Philosophy. --- Biodiversity. --- Ecology. --- Endangered ecosystems. --- Philosophy of Biology. --- Geoecology/Natural Processes. --- Ecosystems. --- Threatened ecosystems --- Biotic communities --- Nature conservation --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Biological diversification --- Biological diversity --- Biotic diversity --- Diversification, Biological --- Diversity, Biological --- Biocomplexity --- Ecological heterogeneity --- Numbers of species --- Ecology --- Philosophy. --- Vitalism --- Biology—Philosophy. --- Geoecology. --- Environmental geology. --- Biocenoses --- Biocoenoses --- Biogeoecology --- Biological communities --- Biomes --- Biotic community ecology --- Communities, Biotic --- Community ecology, Biotic --- Ecological communities --- Ecosystems --- Natural communities --- Geoecology --- Environmental protection --- Physical geology --- Philosophy --- Biology—Philosophy --- Biodiversity --- Environmental geology --- Physical geography. --- Biotic communities. --- Earth System Sciences. --- Geography
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La diversité des êtres vivants est depuis fort longtemps un objet de réflexions scientifiques et philosophiques, mais le mot « biodiversité » est apparu seulement en 1986, rencontrant immédiatement un énorme succès. L'intérêt des biologistes, agronomes, écologues, etc., pour la conservation et la valorisation de la nature a été renouvelé et amplifié par l'adoption consensuelle de l'objet « biodiversité ». Il a également permis une mobilisation inédite des économistes, des gouvernements et des médias. Pourtant, ce terme s'avère fort ambigu et problématique, comme le présent ouvrage s'attache à le démontrer. Malgré toutes les études consacrées à ce sujet, la compréhension de ce qu'est la biodiversité, sa description, et l'établissement de politiques appropriées visant à sa conservation et à son amélioration, restent des tâches toujours en chantier. Cet état de fait n'est pas uniquement imputable à des inerties ou des obstacles politiques et étatiques? ; il est sans doute aussi redevable des insuffisances d'une notion versatile dont, toutefois, on ne saurait se passer, tant est entériné son usage, dans les discours des écologues, des ONG, des États.
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