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Failures of underground cables and accessories can result in the release of toxic gases and large amounts of energy. These failures include smoking manholes, manhole fires, and manhole explosions. These failure events can damage underground infrastructure and pose a risk to the maintenance crews and the public. The root causes, prevention, early detection, mitigation, and response to failures of accessories and cable inside, and connected to underground electrical structures (i.e., manholes, vaults, handholes, etc.) are examined. Methods that can help prevent manhole events and methods that can mitigate the severity of manhole events are suggested.

Underground architecture.

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Rest your eyes long enough on the skylines of Delhi, Guangzhou, Jakarta-even Chicago or London-and you will see the same remarkable transformation, building after building going up with the breakneck speed of twenty-first-century urbanization. But there is something else just as transformative that you won't see: sprawling networks of tunnels rooting these cities into the earth. Global Undergrounds offers a richly illustrated exploration of these subterranean spaces, charting their global reach and the profound-but often unseen-effects they have on human life.             The authors shine their headlamps into an astonishing diversity of manmade underground environments, including subway systems, sewers, communications pipelines, storage facilities, and even shelters. There they find not only an extraordinary range of architectural approaches to underground construction but also a host of different cultural meanings. Underground places can evoke fear or hope; they can serve as sites of memory, places of work, or the hidden headquarters of resistance movements. They are places that can tell a city's oldest stories or foresee its most distant futures. They are places-ultimately-of both incredible depth and breadth, crucial to all of us topside who work as urban planners, geographers, architects, engineers, or any of us who take subway trains or enjoy fresh water from a faucet. Indeed, as the authors demonstrate, the constant flux within urban undergrounds-the nonstop circulation of people, substances, and energy-serves all city dwellers in myriad ways, not just with the logistics of day-to-day life but as a crucial part of a city's mythology. 

Underground architecture.

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Underground Sensing: Monitoring and Hazard Detection for Environment and Infrastructure brings the target audience the technical and practical knowledge of existing technologies of subsurface sensing and monitoring based on a classification of their functionality. In addition, the book introduces emerging technologies and applications of sensing for environmental and geo-hazards in subsurface - focusing on sensing platforms that can enable fully distributed global measurements. Finally, users will find a comprehensive exploration of the future of underground sensing that can meet demands for preemptive and sustainable response to underground hazards. New concepts and paradigms based on passively powered and/or on-demand activated, embeddable sensor platforms are presented to bridge the gap between real-time monitoring and global measurements.

Underground construction --- Underground utility lines --- Safety measures.

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City planning. --- Underground architecture.

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Induced voltage working procedures for underground transmission circuits are established in this guide. A transmission circuit when de-energized will have an induced voltage when in a common duct bank with an energized circuit. The induced voltage may be a possible safety hazard. The induced voltage may be determined by modeling the circuits and by measurement. This guide addresses the working procedures to follow when performing work where induced voltage is present.

Underground electric lines.