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Competition may not function well where technology calls for large and complex investments, as in the electrivity industry where public utilities often provide service. This book presents economic welfare foundations for the purpose of evaluating how well, from a social point of view, an enterprise performs when competition is unable to function. Problems with existing institutions are emphasized. Topics treated include welfare measures and their uses in peak-load pricing, second-best pricing, and income distribution. Professor Sherman covers public choice difficulties of government intervention, and describes problems with incentives in statutory monopolies and efforts to overcome them through the study of principal-agent relationships. Contestability and sustainable prices are also discussed, as well as effects of uncertainty and imperfect information.

Monopolies --- Welfare economics --- Monopoles --- Economie du bien-être --- Government policy --- Politique gouvernementale --- Economie du bien-être --- Concurrence --- Entreprises publiques --- Business, Economy and Management --- Economics --- Monopolies - Government policy --- Welfare economics. --- Government policy. --- Economic policy --- Social policy --- Combinations in restraint of trade --- Commercial corners --- Corners, Commercial --- Engrossing --- Forestalling --- Commercial crimes --- Trade regulation --- Competition --- Monopolistic competition --- Monopsonies --- Restraint of trade --- Trusts, Industrial --- Etat --- Monopole --- Regulation --- Tarification

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The past few decades have seen competition law increasingly capture the public's imagination, with the heavy fines imposed on digital companies such as Microsoft (2004) and Google (2017, 2018, 2019) making headlines throughout the world. At the same time, US public officials and publications have become more outspoken in their criticism of what some describe as their tech giants being taken advantage of overseas. In Europe too, there is a growing feeling that the profound changes brought on by the digitisation of our economies are challenging the existing rules. One example is the advent of digital or algorithmic cartels, where companies collude on prices using opaque software. Take Uber, for instance. Are the independent drivers joining the ride-hailing platform inadvertently joining a price-fixing conspiracy as well? How do we detect such digital cartels, and how do we determine whether software is legal or prohibited? Can sharing the same computer program constitute a concerted practice? Such novel questions have often been met with calls for new regulation, better adapted to the digital economy. However, much can be gained from taking a closer look at the actual impact these digital tools have on the market. In the words of an FTC Commissioner, should we really fear the things that go 'beep' in the night?This book aims to do just that, using the results of economic research and computer science as the starting point for a legal analysis of these digital cartels. It analyses several forms of algorithmic collusion in decreasing order of human involvement. Indeed, the role of algorithms can range from supporting a cartel to being its sole perpetrator, and each scenario tests current competition law in a different way. This is followed by an overarching perspective on public and private enforcement, as well as a brief discussion of two related issues at the intersection of data protection and competition law: personalised pricing and algorithmic consumers.

digitalisering --- économie digitale --- digitalisation --- digitale economie --- digitalização --- digitiú --- digitalisointi --- дигитализација --- numérisation --- skaitmeninimas --- digitaliziranje --- ciparošana --- digitalizácia --- digitalizace dokumentů --- digitalizacja --- diġitalizzazzjoni --- дигитализация --- numerizzazione --- digitalizare --- digitisation --- ψηφιοποίηση --- digjitalizim --- Digitalisierung --- digitalización --- digitalizálás --- digiteerimine --- digitalizacija --- skaitmeninis keitimas --- numerizzazzjoni --- digitalizzazione --- transformace dat --- digitalizace dat --- Nonlinear pricing --- Tarification non linéaire --- Cyber economy --- Economie numérique --- Predatory pricing --- Fixation de prix abusifs --- Antitrust law --- Concurrence --- Law and legislation --- Droit --- European law --- Economic law --- European Union

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Financial law --- Belgium --- Bankrecht --- Droit bancaire --- Banking law --- Banques --- Congresses --- Droit --- Congrès --- 336.7 --- AA / International- internationaal --- 333.100 --- 347.734 --- U40 - Droit bancaire et financier : Généralités - Algemeen financieel en bankrecht --- Geldwezen. Kredietwezen. Bankwezen. Financien. Monetaire econonomie. Beurswezen --- Algemeenheden. Theorie en principes van de bankorganisatie en -techniek. --- Bank- en spaarinstellingen (recht). --- 336.7 Geldwezen. Kredietwezen. Bankwezen. Financien. Monetaire econonomie. Beurswezen --- Congrès --- Banks and banking --- Law, Banking --- Financial institutions --- Algemeenheden. Theorie en principes van de bankorganisatie en -techniek --- Bank- en spaarinstellingen (recht) --- Law and legislation --- Banking law - Belgium - Congresses. --- Acqui 2006 --- DROIT BANCAIRE ET FINANCIER --- DROIT CIVIL --- BANQUE --- SECTEUR BANCAIRE --- BELGIQUE --- OPERATION BANCAIRE --- DROIT DES OBLIGATIONS --- THEORIE GENERALE DES OBLIGATIONS (TGO) --- COMPTE BANCAIRE --- OUVERTURE --- COUTS DE TRANSACTION --- TARIFICATION

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Government business enterprises --- entreprises publiques --- belgique --- grand duche de luxembourg --- overheidsbedrijven --- belgie --- groothertogdom luxemburg --- 336.1 --- -35.078.7 <493> --- 334.724.6 <493> --- 658.115 <493> --- 35.078.4 --- 658.11 --- Nationalized companies --- Parastatals --- Public enterprises --- State-owned enterprises --- Business enterprises --- Public finance, government finance in general --- Rechstreekse deelname door de overheid --- Kinds and forms of enterprise --- 658.11 Kinds and forms of enterprise --- 35.078.4 Rechstreekse deelname door de overheid --- 336.1 Public finance, government finance in general --- 35.078.7 <493> --- État --- State, The --- Pays-Bas --- Allemagne --- Germany --- Danemark --- Belgique --- Belgium --- Germany. --- Administration publique --- Concurrence --- Entreprises publiques --- Union européenne --- Italie --- Luxembourg --- Government business enterprises - European Economic Community countries --- Region --- Tarification --- État --- Union européenne

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Deze bundel bevat vijf bijdragen naar aanleiding van presentaties tijdens de Alumnidag nr. 3 van de Faculteit Rechtsgeleerdheid van de UGent: Joke Baeck (UGent) analyseert de wet die het zekerhedenrecht hervormt; Piet François (bedrijfsjurist BNP Paribas Fortis) stelt de vraag of die wet wel nodig was en niet meer problemen creëert dan ze oplost; Philippe Lambrecht en Erik Peetermans (VBO) analyseren de instrumenten van prijsregulering in het Wetboek Economisch Recht; Ludo Cornelis (VUB) vraagt zich af of er nog iets overblijft van rechterlijke controle op excessieve prijzen; Willy Van Eeckhoutte (UGent) analyseert ten slotte de ins en outs van het ontslagrecht, dat met CAO nr. 109 grondig werd hervormd.

BPB1701 --- Droit économique --- Régularisation du marché --- Fixation des prix --- Belgique --- Belgium --- Bélgica --- Belgija --- Belgien --- Belgie --- Belgicko --- België --- Beļģija --- Белгија --- Belgio --- Белгия --- Belgia --- il-Belġju --- An Bheilg --- Βέλγιο --- Belgjika --- Belgia Kuningriik --- Beļģijas Karaliste --- Royaume de Belgique --- Belgian kuningaskunta --- Belgické kráľovstvo --- Koninkrijk België --- Belgijos Karalystė --- das Königreich Belgien --- Βασίλειο του Βελγίου --- Kingdom of Belgium --- Кралство Белгија --- Краљевина Белгија --- Belgické království --- Reino de Bélgica --- ir-Renju tal-Belġju --- Regatul Belgiei --- Kongeriget Belgien --- Кралство Белгия --- Mbretëria e Belgjikës --- Belga Királyság --- Królestwo Belgii --- Konungariket Belgien --- Reino da Bélgica --- Kraljevina Belgija --- Regno del Belgio --- фиксиране на цени --- fijación de precios --- cenu noteikšana --- fissazione dei prezzi --- fixação de preços --- hinnoista sopiminen --- praghsanna a shocrú --- prissättning --- hindade kinnitamine --- καθορισμός των τιμών --- утврдување цени --- утврђивање цена --- fiksimi i çmimeve --- árrögzítés --- fixarea prețurilor --- stanovenie cien --- fiksiranje cijena --- določanje cen --- fissar tal-prezzijiet --- sutartinis kainų nustatymas --- fixing of prices --- vaststelling van de prijzen --- prisfastsættelse --- Preisfestsetzung --- ustalanie cen --- dohodnutí cen --- price proposal --- Preisfixierung --- proposta di prezzo --- propuneri de prețuri --- árak rögzítése --- kainų pasiūlymas --- tarifare --- tarificação --- proposition de prix --- árjavaslat --- árak meghatározása --- pricing --- fastsættelse af priser --- tarificación --- fastsættelse af takster --- propozim çmimi --- hinnaettepanek --- tarifberegning --- тарифирање --- фиксирање цени --- utvrđivanje cijena --- proposta de preços --- tarifering --- cenový návrh --- návrh ceny --- prisförslag --- determinazione del prezzo --- cenotvorba --- tarification --- kainų apskaičiavimas --- hinnoittelu --- fijación de tarifas --- hintaehdotus --- hindade kujundamine --- Preisvorschlag --- fastsættelse af tariffer --- përcaktim çmimi --- tariffazione --- prisforslag --- prijsvoorstel --- regolarizzazione del mercato --- stabilizim i tregut --- tirgus stabilizācija --- regularização do mercado --- regularización del mercado --- regularisatie van de markt --- rinkos stabilizavimas --- marknadsreglering --- markkinoiden vakauttaminen --- regulacija trga --- stabilizzazzjoni tas-suq --- regulace trhu --- regulowanie rynku --- stabilizácia trhu --- стабилизация на пазара --- stabilizacija tržišta --- piacszabályozás --- markedsregulering --- εξομάλυνση της αγοράς --- стабилизација тржишта --- Marktregulierung --- stabilizarea pieței --- turu tasakaalustamine --- cobhsú margaidh --- стабилизација на пазарот --- market stabilisation --- zlepšenie trhových podmienok --- Schaffung stabiler Marktverhältnisse --- estabilização das cotações --- hindade tasakaalustamine --- εξυγίανση της αγοράς --- poboljšanje tržišnih uvjeta --- improvement of market conditions --- hintojen vakautuminen --- markedsstabilisering --- estabilização do mercado --- sanering av marknaden --- stabilisering van de koersen --- estabilización del mercado --- az árak stabilizációja --- market regularisation --- rinkos sąlygų gerinimas --- reglementarea pieței --- jämvikt på marknaden --- stabilisering av kurs --- stabilizzazione dei corsi --- kainų stabilizavimas --- cenu stabilizācija --- tirgus apstākļu uzlabošana --- normalizzazione del mercato --- market stabilization --- Marktgleichgewicht --- estabilización de las cotizaciones --- εξισορρόπηση της αγοράς --- ozdravění trhu --- markkinoiden tasapaino --- handelsvoorschriften --- equilíbrio do mercado --- stabilizace trhu --- stabilization of prices --- markedssanering --- market regularization --- turu ühtlustamine --- risanamento del mercato --- assainissement du marché --- stabilizácia cien --- markkinaolosuhteiden paraneminen --- stabilizarea prețurilor --- piaci egyensúly --- stabilisation du marché --- stabilisering av marknaden --- equilibrio del mercato --- stabilisation des cours --- a piaci feltételek javítása --- stabilisation of prices --- saneamiento del mercado --- stabilizacija cijena --- marktevenwicht --- stabilisering van de markt --- regolamentazione del commercio --- stabilizzazione del mercato --- balance på markedet --- Marktsanierung --- përmirësim i kushteve të tregut --- подобрување на пазарните услови --- ameliorarea condițiilor de piață --- stabilizim i çmimeve --- piac stabilizálása --- turu stabiliseerimine --- equilibrio del mercado --- turutingimuste parandamine --- stabilizace cen --- tirgus noregulēšana --- zlepšení tržních podmínek --- rregullim i tregut --- Stabilisierung der Marktpreise --- rinkos reguliavimas --- стабилизација на цените --- stabilizzazione delle quotazioni --- рамнотежа на пазарот --- σταθεροποίηση της αγοράς --- saneamento do mercado --- bonifica del mercato --- kursstabilisering --- sanering van de markt --- équilibre du marché --- регулирање на пазарот --- Economisch recht --- Garantie --- Licenciement --- Gage (droit) --- Prix --- Concurrence --- Droit --- Equilibrium (Economics) --- Price fixing --- Securities --- Employees --- Security (Law) --- Régulation (Théorie économique) --- Valeurs mobilières --- Personnel --- Sûretés (Droit) --- Law and legislation --- Dismissal of --- Fixation --- E-books --- Régularisation du marché