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In this open-access-book the author concludes that expertise could be the key factor for global and interconnected problems. Experimental results have shown that expertise was a stronger predictor than public information regarding change in behavior and strategy adaption. Identifying non-routine problem-solving experts by efficient online assessments could lead to less volatile system performance, from which all decision-makers could potentially profit.

Management & management techniques --- Operational research --- Management --- Operations Research/Decision Theory --- Operations Research and Decision Theory --- Uncertainty --- Decision-making --- Interpretation --- Complexity --- Information --- Routine --- Open Access --- Management decision making

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Der Alltag in Organisationen besteht vor allem aus den Medien und Technologien, mit denen die Koordination zwischen einzelnen Arbeitsabläufen hergestellt wird. Diese ethnografische Studie begleitet den Prozess der Einführung eines SAP-Systems in einem mittelständischen Unternehmen und zeigt, wie das bestehende Geflecht aus Praktiken und Technologien eine Neuanordnung erfährt. Dabei tritt das komplexe soziotechnische Gemenge zutage, auf dem Koordination und Organisation beruhen. Im Fokus stehen neben Hardware und Software auch andere Gegenstände des Arbeitsalltages wie Papiere, Drucker und Akten - vor allem aber die jahrzehntelang eingespielten Routinen und das Erfahrungswissen der Angestellten.

Organisation; Organisationsalltag; Koordination; SAP; Arbeitsabläufe; Ethnografie; Informationstechnologie; Soziotechnik; Praktiken; Routine; Erfahrungswissen; Arbeitsmanagement; Medien; Technik; Organisationssoziologie; Techniksoziologie; Mediensoziologie; Medienwissenschaft; Soziologie; Organization; Coordination; Ethnography; Information Technology; Practices; Media; Technology; Sociology of Organizations; Sociology of Technology; Sociology of Media; Media Studies; Sociology --- Coordination. --- Ethnography. --- Information Technology. --- Media Studies. --- Media. --- Practices. --- Routine. --- SAP. --- Sociology of Media. --- Sociology of Organizations. --- Sociology of Technology. --- Sociology. --- Technology. --- SAP ERP. --- Systems, applications and products in data processing enterprise resource planning --- SAP Enterprise resource planning

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Boxing is infused with ideas about masculinity, power, race and social class, and as such is an ideal lens through which social scientists can examine key modern themes. In addition, its inherent contradictions of extreme violence and beauty and of discipline and excess have long been a source of inspiration for writers and film makers. Essential reading for anyone interested in the sociology of sport and cultural representations of gender, Boxing, Masculinity and Identity brings together ethnographic research with material from film, literature and journalism. Through this combination of theoretical insight and cultural awareness, Woodward explores the social constructs around boxing and our experience and understanding of central issues including: masculinity mind, body and the construction of identity spectacle and performance: tensions between the public and private person boxing on film: the role of cultural representations in building identities methodologies: issues of authenticity and ‘truth’ in social science.

Gender identity. --- Masculinity. --- Sports --- Boxing --- Sociological aspects. --- Social aspects. --- Fighting --- Prize-fighting --- Prizefighting --- Pugilism --- Savate --- Sparring --- Athletics --- Hand-to-hand fighting --- Self-defense --- Sociology of sports --- Sociology --- Masculinity (Psychology) --- Sex (Psychology) --- Men --- Sex identity (Gender identity) --- Sexual identity (Gender identity) --- Identity (Psychology) --- Queer theory --- masculinities --- women --- boxers --- public --- stories --- mens --- hegemonic --- routine --- hero --- body --- Gender dysphoria

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Psychiatry --- Behavioral medicine --- Emotional stress --- Geneeskunde en psychologie --- Health care technology --- Health technology --- Medical technology --- Medicine and psychology --- Medische technologie --- Mental stress --- Médecine et psychologie --- Psychological stress --- Psychologie et médecine --- Psychologie médicale --- Psychology and medicine --- Stress (Psychologie) --- Stress (Psychology) --- Stress -- Aspects psychologiques --- Stress [Psychological ] --- Stress [Psychologische ] --- Stress psychologique --- Stress émotionnel --- Technologie [Medishe ] --- Technologie médicale --- Technology [Health ] --- Technology [Medical ] --- Tension (Psychology) --- Tension mentale --- Medical technology. --- Medicine and psychology. --- Diagnostic Tests, Routine. --- Stress, Psychological. --- Surgery, Operative --- Therapeutics. --- Medische psychologie --- psychology. --- gezondheidspsychologie --- Stress (Psychology). --- gezondheidspsychologie.

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Several studies suggest that classification of piglets early in life based on the degree of resistance they display in a so-called Backtest may be indicative of their coping style at a later age. In the present study behavioural flexibility was investigated in pigs diverging for Backtest response and housing environment during rearing. Pigs were housed either without a rooting substrate (barren housing, 13) or in identical pens enriched with deep straw bedding (enriched housing, E) from birth. During the suckling period piglets were subjected to the Backtest. Each piglet was restrained on its back for I min and the resistance (i.e. number of escape attempts) was scored. Pigs classified as 'high-resisting' (HR) or as 'low-resisting' (LR) were subjected to a simple (left/right) spatial discrimination (T-maze) task at 8 weeks of age. The effect of a single, subtle intramaze change was determined after acquisition of the task. In addition, pigs were subjected to reversal learning to assess their ability to modulate established behaviour patterns. Housing and its interaction with Backtest classification influenced the behavioural response to the intramaze change: E pigs were considerably more distracted than B pigs. Housing condition affected LR pigs more than HR pigs, as indicated by the interaction effects on various recorded behaviours. These interactions indicate that behavioural responding of pigs with diverging coping characteristics cannot simply be generalised across rearing conditions. Furthermore, FIR pigs were less successful in reversal learning than LR pigs, suggesting that they have a higher propensity to develop inflexible behavioural routines. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Ability. --- Acquisition. --- Age. --- Apomorphine. --- Backtest. --- Basal ganglia. --- Bedding. --- Behaviour. --- Behavioural flexibility. --- Birth. --- Breeding gilts. --- Classification. --- Coping characteristics. --- Coping strategy. --- Coping style. --- Coping. --- Discrimination. --- Enriched. --- Environment. --- Environmental enrichment. --- Escape. --- Exploration. --- Fish. --- Flexibility. --- Growing-pigs. --- Housing. --- Human. --- Interaction. --- Interactions. --- Learning. --- Life. --- Male great tits. --- Memory-systems. --- Pattern. --- Patterns. --- Pen. --- Personality. --- Physiological-responses. --- Pig. --- Piglets. --- Pigs. --- Rat. --- Rearing. --- Resistance. --- Response. --- Reversal learning. --- Routine-like behaviour. --- Spatial discrimination learning. --- Spatial. --- Straw bedding. --- Straw. --- T-maze. --- Task.