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Horse. --- Retrospective. --- Surgery. --- Windsucking.

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We identified risk factors associated with falling during steeplechase racing. We used retrospective data from all steeplechase runs on UK racecourses during 1999: 10,866 starts with 647 horse falls. The relationship between continuous variables and falling was assessed using generalised additive models (GAMs). Polynomial fits then were included in a multilevel, multivariable logistic-regression model. The number of runners had a linear, positive association with the risk of falling. The distance of the race had a non-linear relationship with the risk of falling; the risk steadily increased in races up to 23 furlongs (1 furlong~198 m), and then decreased in longer races. Age also had a significant, non-linear relationship with the risk of falling: a decreasing risk up to 12 years of age followed by an increasing risk in older horses. Horses that wore visors and had raced previously were associated with a decrease in the risk of falling. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) showed that although most of the variation resided at the start (level 1), a proportion of variation in the risk of falling could be attributed to horse and race. Trainer and jockey contributed very little to the variation in the risk of falling

Age. --- Association. --- Distance. --- Horse. --- Horses. --- Level. --- Model. --- Models. --- Retrospective. --- Risk-factors. --- Risk. --- Variation.

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We identified risk factors associated with falling during steeplechase racing. We used retrospective data from all steeplechase runs on UK racecourses during 1999: 10,866 starts with 647 horse falls. The relationship between continuous variables and falling was assessed using generalised additive models (GAMs). Polynomial fits then were included in a multilevel, multivariable logistic-regression model. The number of runners had a linear, positive association with the risk of falling. The distance of the race had a non-linear relationship with the risk of falling; the risk steadily increased in races up to 23 furlongs (1 furlong similar to 198 m), and then decreased in longer races. Age also had a significant, non-linear relationship with the risk of falling: a decreasing risk up to 12 years of age followed by an increasing risk in older horses. Horses that wore visors and had raced previously were associated with a decrease in the risk of falling. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) showed that although most of the variation resided at the start (level 1), a proportion of variation in the risk of falling could be attributed to horse and race. Trainer and jockey contributed very little to the variation in the risk of falling. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved

Age. --- Association. --- Boxes. --- Distance. --- Falling. --- Fatalities. --- Flat. --- Generalised additive models. --- Horse. --- Horses. --- Level. --- Model. --- Models. --- Multilevel models. --- Racehorse. --- Random effects. --- Retrospective. --- Risk-factors. --- Risk. --- Steeplechasing. --- Time. --- Uk. --- Variation.

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Unilateral spatial neglect refers to a difficulty in detecting or acting on information in a particular region of space. When asked to cross out stimuli distributed across a page, patients with neglect may miss many targets on the left. In addition, they have a tendency to return to, and remark, right-sided targets that they have already cancelled. A recent retrospective study has shown this effect to be specific to unilateral neglect rather than a consequence of right hemisphere damage in general. Here, a consecutive group of seven right-hemisphere neglect patients performed five versions of a standard cancellation task, each version differing in the quantity of left-sided information presented. All of the participants showed perseveration on right-sided targets in the basic task. A highly significant and linear reduction in perseverative behaviour was observed as left-sided information was removed. In a second study, left-sided targets were again progressively removed but, in this case, were replaced with an additional distracter item, keeping the total quantity Of stimuli presented in each condition constant. Again, a significant reduction in right-sided perseveration was observed, indicating a high degree of selectivity to the effect. The results show that difficulty in perceiving existing, cancellation marks, or a non-spatially specific motoric perseveration, are unlikely to fully account for this behaviour. As the patients omitted almost all targets on the left side of the basic cancellation task, the results Suggest a striking, influence on apparently intentional behaviour front un-cancelled information within the neglected field. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Acute stroke. --- Attention. --- Behaviour. --- Brain. --- Damage. --- Field. --- Frontal. --- Group. --- Hemisphere. --- Palietal. --- Parietal. --- Perseveration. --- Recovery. --- Reduction. --- Rehabilitation. --- Retrospective. --- Space. --- Spatial working-memory. --- Spatial. --- Stimuli. --- Striking. --- Stroke. --- Task. --- Visual neglect. --- Visuospatial neglect.

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Social sciences and ethics. --- Science --- Phenomenology. --- Moral and ethical aspects. --- Morals. --- Science. --- Phenomenology --- -Social sciences and ethics --- #GROL:SEMI-1-05'19' Huss --- Ethics and social sciences --- Social ethics --- Natural science --- Science of science --- Sciences --- Philosophy, Modern --- Morality --- Retrospective Moral Judgment --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Social sciences and ethics --- Morals --- Science and ethics --- Science - Moral and ethical aspects.