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Indoles continue to be of great interest to the pharmaceutical industry and at the current time several thousand specific new derivatives are reported annually. Research has been driven by the wide range of indole derivatives which occur in nature and through the biological activity of many indole derivatives, of both natural and synthetic origin.This book provides a systematic guide to the most useful and important reactions in the field for both synthesis and synthetic modification of the indole ring. While including the most recently developed and promising methods, it also updates informat

Indoles. --- 547.75 --- #WSCH:LOSH --- 547.75 Condensed systems with one pyrrole ring. Indole. Skatole. Indoxyl. Tryptophane. Indigo blue. Indigo white. Indigo carmine --- Condensed systems with one pyrrole ring. Indole. Skatole. Indoxyl. Tryptophane. Indigo blue. Indigo white. Indigo carmine --- Indole --- Synthesis. --- Organic compounds --- Chemistry, Organic --- Chemistry, Synthetic organic --- Organic synthesis (Chemistry) --- Synthetic organic chemistry --- Synthesis

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Biomass can be converted to energy, biofuels, and bioproducts via thermochemical conversion processes, such as combustion, pyrolysis, and gasification. Combustion technology is most widely applied on an industrial scale. However, biomass gasification and pyrolysis processes are still in the research and development stage. The major products from these processes are syngas, bio-oil, and char (called also biochar for agronomic application). Among these products, biomass chars have received increasing attention for different applications, such as gasification, co-combustion, catalysts or adsorbents precursors, soil amendment, carbon fuel cells, and supercapacitors. This Special Issue provides an overview of biomass char production methods (pyrolysis, hydrothermal carbonization, etc.), characterization techniques (e.g., scanning electronic microscopy, X-ray fluorescence, nitrogen adsorption, Raman spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and temperature programmed desorption and mass spectrometry), their properties, and their suitable recovery processes.

n/a --- Boudouard reaction in gasification --- Chinese reed --- underground coal gasification --- food waste --- kinetic models --- fixed bed combustor --- reactor modelling --- AAEMs --- anaerobic digestion --- grape marc --- adsorption isotherms --- Texaco pilot plant --- biomass valorization --- food waste compost --- CH4 adsorption --- gaseous emissions --- polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) --- waste wood --- coconut shells --- kinetic model --- char oxidation --- low-rank coal char --- nutrients --- characteristic time analysis --- kinetic parameters --- ash from biomass --- combustion parameters --- biomass --- thermal characteristics --- biocrude --- reaction kinetics --- sludge cake --- gasification --- pellets --- characterization --- ash layer --- energy recovery efficiency --- internal diffusion resistance --- FT-IR --- giant miscanthus --- pyrolysis --- olive mill solid wastes (OMSWs) --- food-waste biochar --- melting phenomenon --- chemisorption --- steam gasification --- NaCl template --- biomass production --- textural characterization --- desalination --- ash fusion temperature (AFT) --- thermogravimetric analysis --- combustion --- chemical speciation --- sawdust --- NaCl --- effective diffusion coefficient --- kinetics --- breakthrough curves --- biochar engineering --- biochar --- amino acid --- high heating value (HHV) --- salty food waste --- ELECTRE III --- interferences --- multicriteria model --- pyrrole --- interactions --- biogas purification --- fertilisation --- NOx --- pyrolysis conditions --- steam --- partial combustion reaction in gasification --- CO2 adsorption --- poultry slaughterhouse --- hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) --- calorific value --- oxygen enrichment --- porosity --- nitrogen --- hydrothermal carbonization --- thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) --- MTDATA --- activated carbon --- active site